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            • 1． Robert F． Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile． "With Britain voting to leave the European Union， and GDP already predicted to slow as a result， it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to．
                  The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century．Many argue that it is a flawed（有缺陷的） concept． It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do． By most recent measures， the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world， with record low unemployment and high growth figures． If everything was going so well， then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit， despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects．
                  A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question． Across the 163 countries measured， the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens． Rather than just focusing on GDP， over 40 different sets of criteria from health， education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing．
                  While all of these countries face their own challenges， there are a number of consistent themes． Yes， there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash， but in key indicators in areas such as health and education， major economies have continued to decline． Yet this isn't the case with all countries． Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society， income equality and the environment．
                  This is a lesson that rich countries can learn： When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success， the world looks very different．
                  So， what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations， as a measure， it is no longer enough． It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being．
                  The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth． But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being instead of simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress．
              Title： High GDP But （1） ______  Well-being， a UK Lesson
              Passage outline Supporting details
              Different opinions of GDP •Robert F． Kennedy's believed that everything was measured by a country's GDP except （2） ______ A made life worthwhile．
              •Many people hold belief that GDP measures what is unimportant and
              misses what （3） ______ ．
              GDP as the measure of （4） ______ is widely defied in the UK． •Despite the fact the Westem world has envied the UK's for its high GDP
              with high（5） ______ and high growth figures， over 17 million people voted to leave the European Union．
              •A recent annual study shows that in the 163 countries measured ，the UK
              is one of countries， which have most （6） ______ transformed economic growth into meaningful improvements for its citizens．
              Main assessments of a country's（7） ______ •Over 40（8） ______ of criteria from health， education and civil society engagement．
              •Environmental quality or education outcomes-all things（9） ______ in a person's sense of happiness．
              Factors considered beyond GDP Policymakers， who don't simply worry about GDP figures， instead think（10） ______ of improving happiness， can avoid forecasting doom and may even see progress．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 2． Decoding the young brain There was a funny experiment to see how a young child would answer a specific question compared to an adult． After the adult had spent some time speaking with the child， he asked the child， "What do you think about me？ "The child answered．"You talk too much． "When the adult performed the same experiment with another adult， the reply to the same question was， "I think you"re a very interesting person． " Even if the adult felt the same way as the child， his brain allowed him to take a moment， consider the question， and come up with an answer． He could have been annoyed， but his answer didn"t reflect it because he was being polite．
              The secret lies in the science of the developing brain． The child"s honest answer was reflected in the fact that his brain wasn"t equipped to filter（过滤） information before answering the question． As a result， he was honest，but he said something that may have been hurtful． However， the child did not intentionally hurt the adult； it"s just the way is brain works． As a child grows into adolescence and then into adulthood， that changes．
              The human brain is made up of billions of neurons （神经元）． In order for our body to execute a command， like getting up from a chair and walking to the other room， the neurons in the brain have to communicate with each other． They also help us employ our senses like taste and touch and help us remember things．
              When the neurons send messages， perhaps one sensation（感觉）the person feels is excitement about eating a cookie because it is so delicious． Later， if that person smells a cookie or hears someone talking about a cookie can spark the electrical signals that call up the memory of eating the delicious cookie． In an adult， he or she may remember that eating too many cookies can have consequences， like weight gain． But because the younger brain is more impulsive（冲动的）， the desire to feel the pleasure of the sweet treat outweighs the consequences．
              That is because when a child is young， his brain is"wired"in such a way that he seeks pleasure and is more willing to take risks than an adult． This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people tend to be more impulsive． Sometimes parents have to tell their children over and over again before the child remembers that something is dangerous or risky． How many times have we heard a parent say， " I tell her this all the time，but the never listens!"
              To conclude， what we know about the young brain is that children are more likely than adults to be impulsive．It isn"t always necessarily because they are being naughty； it may very well be because of their brains． So the next time you ask a child what he really think of you， be prepared for any kind of answer．
              Decoding the young brain
              An experiment on a young child A young child answered the question (1) ． the top of his head while an adult paused，and (2) twice before he found an answer．
              Causes of the (3) reflected in the experiment The developing brain of the young child contributed to his honest answer．
              ◆He was more likely to hurt or offend others (4) while he didn"t intend to do so．
              ◆It"s just the way his brain works and with him growing up， that changes．
              Billions of neurons (5) up the human brain have their own mechanism for functioning．
              ◆The neurons have to communicate with each other， helping us employ our senses and remember things．
              ◆A person may (6) smell of a cookie with the memory of eating it．
              ◆A younger brain is more impulsive compared with an adult"s．
              A young child"s having a natural (7) to seek pleasure and take risks results from his young brain．
              ◆This affects his decision-making process and it is why younger people act in an impulsive way．
              ◆Warned many times before， a young child will still try something (8) or risky．
              A conclusion drawn from the experiment An adults ability to control his impulses is much (9) and a young child is not (10) being naughty when they make hurtful or offensive answers．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 3． Fear of missing out It"s Friday night． While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking out a restaurant that"s just opened， you"ve decided to spend this highly cherished night of the week by yourself． The night is yours to enjoy． If you think this sounds relaxing， you"re not alone． At least for a little while until you start wondering if you"ve made the right choice． A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence． Suddenly， the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal， and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety．
              Fear of missing out， or FOMO， is a common feeling． A recent study defined FOMO as "the uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you"re missing out - your peers are doing or in possession of more or something better than you．
              Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness． Research has found that those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO． Further worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use． Active users of social media have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others"． Rather than finding happiness through their own experiences， they begin worrying that theirs aren"t objectively better than anyone else"s．
              The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching． One study conducted with first-year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue（疲劳）， stress， and sleep problems． Furthermore， in a 2018 study of 1，045 Americans aged 18-34， nearly 40% of participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends" lifestyles， often through increased spending on food， travel， clothes， and electronics．
              So how can you overcome the fear？ Begin with gratitude． By reflecting on what you already have， you"re less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don"t． Another alternative？
              Embrace（欣然接受） JOMO， or the joy of missing out． JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what you really want at any given moment， without feeling concerned about what those around you may be doing． So， turn off your phones and tablets， and engage in something you enjoy while resisting the urge to upload and share it． While this may take practice and perseverance（坚持不懈）， the results are well worth the effort．
              By embracing the joy of missing out， you make room for all the benefits that come from spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain； you create space to keep up with the things you wish you had more time for - gardening， reading， resting， exercising， cooking， learning， or simply being； and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents， fears， joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface．
              Fear of missing out
              Introduction to FOMO FOMO is a common fear that others might be having rewarding experiences from which you are (1) ． For example， initially， you enjoy spending a Friday night alone in your own way． However， thinking of your friends" possible fun， you begin to have (2) about your original decision， which makes you (3) ．
              Causes of FOMO *People are not really happy and even feel (4) with their life．The use of social media may result in FOMO， especially when people make negative (5) between themselves and others．
              Consequences of
              FOMO              		 *It can contribute to people"s physical and mental (6)
              *It can cause people to (7) money to keep up with others" lifestyles．
              Approaches to overcoming FOMO *Be (8) for what you have now．
              *Embrace the joy of missing out， (9) on what you want without trying to seek attention．
              Benefits of embracing
              JOMO              		 *It allows you to have time alone to do whatever you enjoy doing．
              *It gives you a chance to (10) yourself better．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 4．
              Paper-cutting is a Chinese folk art (1) a long history． It (2) back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty． By the Southern Song Dynasty， paper-cutting had become an important part of everyday life．
              There are three (3) of paper cuts which people still make today． Paper cuts used for (4) are often seen on windows and gates． They are usually (5) up during holidays to bring good luck． They are also used on presents A present for parents whose child has (6) been born might show a paper cut of children， for example． Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double (7) are often used to celebrate weddings．
              Paper cuts used for religious purposes are often found in temples． They are also used (8) offerings to the dead People to whom the dead person was (9) would make these offerings on special days and during festivals．
              The third kind of paper cuts are those used to make (10) on clothing．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 5． From SIRI to self-driving cars， artificial intelligence （AI） is progressing rapidly． While science fiction often pictures AI as robots with human-like characteristics， AI can include anything from Google's search algorithms to IBM's Watson to autonomous（自动的） weapons．
                  Over the last several decades， AI has become common in our lives． We plan trips using GPS systems that rely on AI to find the best route to take． AI algorithms detect faces as we take pictures with our phones and recognize the faces of individual people when we post those pictures to Facebook． Internet search engines rely on an AI subsystem． On any day， AI provides hundreds of millions of people with search results， traffic predictions， and recommendations about books and movies． Several companies are working on cars that can drive themselves．
                  Beyond the influences in our daily lives， AI techniques are playing a major role in science and medicine． For example， AI methods have been employed recently to discover interactions between medicines that put patients at risk for serious side effects．
                  However， when considering how AI might become a risk， experts think two possibilities：
                  The AI is programmed to do something destructive： Autonomous weapons are artificial intelligence systems that are programmed to kill． They will have no human guidance after being programmed． They can select and fire upon targets without any human intervention． So they are a fundamental challenge to the protection of civilians（平民）． If in the hands of the wrong person， these weapons could easily cause mass deaths．
                  The AI is programmed to do something beneficial， but it develops a destructive method for achieving its goal： This can happen whenever we don't have the same goals as AI． If you ask an intelligent car to take you to the airport as fast as possible， it might get you there chased by helicopters and covered in vomit， doing not what you wanted but exactly what you asked for．
                  Stephen Hawking， Elon Musk， Steve Wozniak， Bill Gates， and many other big names in science and technology have recently expressed concern about the risks posed by AI． AI has the potential to become more intelligent than any human， we have no sure way of predicting how it will behave． People now control the planet， not because we're the strongest， fastest or biggest， but because we're the smartest． If we're no longer the smartest， are we assured to remain in control？

              Introduction AI is progressing rapidly， （1） ______  many aspects of our life．
              Benefits In our daily lives：
              ● （2） ______  on AI， we can find the best route for our trips．
              ● AI can be used for facial （3） ______  on Facebook．
              ● Many people will have （4） ______  to all kinds of information on the Internet．
              ● （5） ______  cars will become a reality one day．
              In science and medicine：
              AI methods can help doctors discover （6） ______  between medicines．
              （7） ______ ● Autonomous weapons will endanger the safety of civilians due to the（8） ______  of human guidance or intervention．
              ●AI will achieve its goal as programmed in a destructive （9） ______  regardless of what you what．
              Concerns If AI becomes smarter than humans， we may （10） ______  control of the planet．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 6． Travel sets us thinking and makes us in discussions of major world problems． If our thinking skills decrease， they will have to wait until we"re done traveling! That"s WHY we travel． What follows is HOW we travel．
              CHEAP TRAVEL
              The less you spend， the closer you come to the reason you came．
              We"re savers by choice when traveling， although we could afford to stay in middle-priced hotels and eat in their restaurants if we cut back on the length of our trips． By spending less we can travel longer and travel better． We meet more locals by using buses rather than taxis and by staying in small family-run hotels and eating in local-style cafes． Spending too much money makes you away from the foreign experience you came to have．
              TRAVELERS --- NOT TOURISTS
              What"s the difference？ Travelers are more likely to get deeper into the life of a country than tourists． The way to do this is to do lots of pre-trip reading about the countries we will visit， and try to learn a few words of local languages．
              Independent travel is usually far less expensive than packaged tours． We don"t use travel agents because we don"t stay in hotels that charge high， and we can get cheaper tickets on the Internet． We like figuring out where to eat and working out how to get around． This puts us into direct contact with the local people． Independent travel isn"t as comfortable or convenient， but it"s the most meaningful way to travel．
              MOVING AROUND
              Despite its discomforts， we take public transportation（交通） whenever possible． Traveling in a car is easier， but also scarier． In much of the world roads are poor and driving behaviors are not fixed． Fortunately， even the less developed countries often have good public transportation systems； riding buses and trains brings us into closer contact with the local people．
              CARRYING STUFF（东西）
              Backpacks work better for long-term travel than the wheeled luggage most middle-aged travelers use． Bumping a "wheelie" over rough sidewalks or up several flights of stairs in a hotel is difficult． Using luggage is fine with a car， but backpacks are easier for bus and train travel． Best of all， wearing backpacks bridge the gap between age groups --- allowing gray-haired travelers like us to make friends with travelers decades younger．
              Why to travel Travel can make us think and (1) major world problems．
              How to travel Cheap travel We (2) to be savers while travelling so that we can travel for a (3) time， and get (4) to the foreign experience．
              Being
              travelers              		 ● Travelers can get a better (5) of the life of a country than tourists
              ● We need to make some (6) in advance if we want to be independent travelers．
              ● Although packaged tours can (7) some trouble， independent travel can be more meaningful．
              Moving around Public transportation (8) us to communicate with locals closely．
              Carrying stuff We (9) backpacks for long-term travel to the wheeled luggage because they are easier to carry and can (10) the gap between age groups．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 7． Don't try to solve problems．
              Many conflicts in your personal relationships can be avoided if you will take the time to acknowledge others' feelings and points of view．
              Listening and attending builds friendships．
              Paying attention to someone is called "attending"． It means that your ears， your eyes， your body and your feelings are all focused on that person at one time． Attending is very important in building any relationships． It includes：
              1． Being there physically；
              2． Focusing；
              3． Eye contact．
              Looking at and focusing on another person shows that you are "there for him/her．"
              Talking is a primary building block of friendships．
              Talking is an integral component of friendship．
              When a friend talks and reveals ideas or feelings， he/she is expecting shared information in return． When the talk is not equal， the person talking feels as if the listener is uninterested．
              In fact， the person who is always the hastener is really playing the role of a counselor， not a friend． Anytime you have been talking for more than a minute or two without participation from the person you are talking to， you are lecturing， or putting that person in the role of a counselor．
              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 8． Do you have much difficulty learning English？ Are you sometimes losing interest in it？ Here I'll show you how to improve your English． Choose a few of the following to get started today!
                  •Ask yourself weekly： What do I want to learn this week？
                  Asking yourself this question every week will help you stop and think for a moment about what is most important to you． It is easy to focus only on the current unit， grammar exercise， etc． However， if you take a moment to stop to make a careful plan for each week， you will notice the progress you are making and， in turn， become more inspired by how quickly you are learning English! You will be surprised at how this feeling of success will motivate （激发） you to learn even more English．
                  •Quickly review important new information shortly before going to bed．
                  Research has shown that our brains process （加工） information that is fresh in our brains while we sleep． By shortly （this means very quickly - just a glance at what you are working on at the moment） going over some exercise， reading， etc． before you go to sleep． your brain will work away on this information while you sleep!
                  •While doing exercises and alone at home or in your room， speak English aloud．
                  Connect the muscles （肌肉） of your face to the information in your head． Just as understanding the basics of tennis does not make you a great tennis player， understanding grammar rules does not mean that you can automatically （自动的） speak English well． You need to practice the act of speaking often． Speaking by yourself at home and reading the exercises you are doing will help connect your brain to your facial muscles and improve pronunciation and make your knowledge active．
                  •Do five to ten minutes of listening at least four times a week．
                  In the past， I decided I needed to get fit and went jogging - usually three or four miles． Well， after not having done anything for many months， those three or four miles really hurt! Needless to say， I did not go jogging for another few months!
                  Learning to understand spoken English well is very similar． If you decide that you are going to work hard and listen for two hours， chances are that you will not do extra listening exercises any time soon． If， on the other hand， you start off slowly and listen on a regular basis （five to ten minutes at least four times a week）， it will be easier to develop the habit of listening to English．
                  •Look for situations in which you must speak， read， and listen to English．
                  This is probably the most important tip． You need to use English in a "real world" situation． Learning English in a classroom is important， but putting your English knowledge into practice in real situations will improve your fluency in speaking English． If you do not know of any "real life" situation， create new ones for yourself by using the Internet to listen to news， write English responses in forums， exchange emails in English with email pals， etc．

                                          （1） ______ on Learning English
              Making a weekly English learning （2） ______ •Have a clear goal of the whole week （3） ______ of focusing only on the current unit．
              •Asking yourself what you have learned helps to figure out how much you have （4） ______ your English．
              •Becoming inspired by what you have achieved leads you to more progress in learning English．
              Reviewing before going to bed •Have a glance at what you are working on before going to sleep．
              •Your brains process （5） ______ information while you an sleeping．
              Speaking English as
              （6） ______ as possible              		 •Practise speaking by yourself and reading the exercises you are doing．
              •Keep trying to connect the muscles of your face to the information in your head， as practice makes （7） ______
              Listening more often •It is （8） ______ that you will not do extra listening exercises any time soon if you listen for two hours once a week．
              •Start off slowly and listen （9） ______ ， e．g． five to ten minutes at least four times a week， then it'll be easier to develop the habit of listening to English．
              Practising English in real
              situations              		 •Try to use English in a "real world" situation．
              •Create real situations with the （10） ______ of the Internet to listen to news， write English responses， exchange emails， etc．
              难度：较易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 9． Is Cash Becoming Outdated？ When he rolls into a gas station to fill his tank， Barkhad Dahir doesn"t get out of his car． He pushes a few buttons on his cellphone and within seconds he has paid for the fuel． With the same quick pushes on his phone， he pays for virtually everything he needs： groceries at the supermarket， a few oranges from a market stall， or a cup of sweet milky tea from a café． "Everyone here has his own bank with easy access，" boasts Mr． Dahir． "Even lying in bed， you can be paying your bills．"
              Electronic payments offer consumers convenience， provide revenue to banks， credit card companies and payment processors， and offer merchants improved cash flow and convenience． "I don"t even carry money any more，" says Adan Abokor， a democracy activist， "I haven"t seen cash for a long time． Almost every merchant， even hawker （小贩） on the street， accepts payment by cellphone． There"s no waiting for it and no counting of cash．"
              The system is impressively simple and secure． Purchases are made by dialing a three-digit number， entering a four-digit PIN， and then entering the retailer"s payment number and the amount of money． Both customer and merchant receive text messages to confirm the payment．
              Clearing up cash payments has several advantages as well． The printing and handling of money is expensive． Cash payments can be anonymous and hard to track criminal activities to be conducted in secret． Many government favor reducing cash dealings in order to better monitor and understand the activities of their citizens． The Swedish government has been discussing the removing of cash since 2010．
              However， some people doubt what members of a cashless society do when the power goes off． Do they choose to barter （物物交换） and rob？ Do they sit at home and wait？ What happens to people who rely on their cell phones to process money dealings when cell service and the Internet are interrupted？ A world affected by terrorism and increasingly violent weather may not yet be ready to abandon currency． "Ironically， the day after the largest bank in Norway， DNB， proposed ending all cash dealings， I went to my local grocery store and when I tried to pay by phone， I was told that I needed to go to the ATM to get cash because the system was broken．" said an interviewee．
              Other people fear that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks and enable dealings to be tracked and reported．
              Privacy， security and convenience are all important factors in the adoption of electronic payment technology． New technologies which balance and address these factors may enable to remove cash．
              Is Cash Becoming Outdated？
              Passage outline Supporting details
              An example of electronic payments Barkhad Dahir claims that he can almost purchase (1) he needs by using his mobile phone．
              Reasons for the (2) for electronic payments ● They can be more (3) without waiting in line or counting the cash， whose characteristics include (4) and simplicity．
              ● They reduce the cost of printing money and allow the government to (5) cash activities．
              Possible (6) of electronic payments ● Some people are (7) whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off．
              ● There are (8) that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks．
              ● It is possible that electronic dealings can be (9) and reported for illegal use．
              Conclusion Cash is not (10) to be completely replaced unless privacy， security and convenience are balanced and settled．
              难度：中等
              解析 收藏 试题篮
            • 10． Ban Ki-moon was made the 8th Secretary-General of the United Nations． In his speech at the ceremony of his taking office， he thanked all the Member States for placing confidence in him， and also expressed his deepest respect and appreciation to all the leaders and people of the Member States for their strong support．
                  His remark about the former Secretary-General， who he said had guided their Organization into the =21stcentury and had made the UN truly vital to peace， prosperity and human dignity around the world， was particularly impressive． Mr Ban Ki-moon stated in his speech that he had already made up his mind to build upon the already-made achievements of the UN．
                  The new Secretary-General thinks the UN is needed now more than ever before． The UN's major task in the previous century was to keep countries from fighting each other． In the new century， it is very clear that the UN's most important task is to strengthen the inter-state system so that humanity may be better served． We need competent and responsible states to meet the needs of "we the peoples" for whom the UN was created． And the world's peoples will not be fully served unless peace， development and human rights， the three pillars of the UN， are advanced together with great efforts and equal determination．
                  As the new Secretary-General， he is not as proud as people thought he might be． He said he was far from perfect and he would need the support， cooperation and trust from all the Member States． And he faithfully promised to serve them well， with all of his heart and to the best of his abilities．
                  There is also something exciting he said about young people． It's his hope that young boys and girls of today will grow up knowing that the UN is working hard to build a better future for them． As Secretary-General， he will hold their hopes and hear their demands．
              Main aspects in Ban Ki-moon's speech
              Expressing his
              （1） ______               		•to the Member States for feeling （2） ______  of him and being supportive
              •to the former Secretary-General for the （3） ______  he has made to the UN
              His understanding of the UN's major tasks • to keep countries from fighting each other in the （4） ______  century
              • to （5） ______  cooperation between countries in the new century
              • to meet the needs of the whole world
              His promises
              and expectations              		 •to be （6） ______ ， cooperated and trusted by all the Member States
              •to work for the UN heart and （7） ______
              •to make young people fully （8） ______  of the UN's mission（革命）
              What do we know about Ban Ki-moon？
              •He is an important role in the world． However， he is very （9） ______ ， saying he is far from perfect．
              •He is strong-willed， hard-working， committed and easy to work with．
              •He is （10） ______  to build a better future for mankind．
              难度：易
              解析 收藏 试题篮
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