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            • 1.
              A.Researchers say this method could be especially useful for children.
              B.It also says the technology speeds up a natural process of tooth repair.
              C.If the cavity is not too deep,the experience can be unpleasant.
              D.The dentist covers the problem area with a mineral solution,and then uses an electrical current to harden this material.
              E.Researchers say they believe it will save a lot of trips to the dentist's.
              Many people fear a visit to the dentist.hey are not so much afraid of the doctor,but of the dental equipment and treatments.
              Well,fear no more!A British company says it has developed technology that will end the need for mechanical cleaning of dental cavities(龋齿).(59) ______ .
              For over a century,dentists have been repairing cavities the same way.They first remove the decayed,or bad,tooth tissue with an electric-powered drill.Then,they fill the hole in the bone with a metallic or plastic substance.
              (60) ______ .However,if it is deep,near the nerve of the tooth,it can be very painful.The worst part is that the process of drilling and filling the cavity has to be repeted for the entire life of that tooth.
              Rebecca Moazzez is a senior lecturer at King's College London.She says that this cycle lasts the rest of the tooth's life."You're really in that cycle of repair and replacement for the rest of the tooth's life."Tooth enamel(牙釉质) is what we see on the outside of the tooth.The enamel of a damaged tooth can be replaced naturally.This process is called re-mineralization.But it is too slow to stop bacteria from building up in small,narrow areas of the enamel.
              A British business called Reminova has developed a method for speeding-up this natural re-mineralization of early-stage cavities.Jeff Wright is head of the company."We've just found a way to make that a much faster process.Driving healthy calcium and phosphate minerals into your enamel and,through a natural process,it will bind on and add to the enamel that's there."The process begins with a cleaning of the cavity.This does not require power tools.(61) ______ .The electricity is too weak for the patient to feel.And the hardened mineral completely fills the cavity.
              (62) ______ .Sometimes children have bad experiences at the dentist.They fear the drilling and injections.Who wouldn't be afraid?Better experiences as a child might lead to more visits to the dentist as an adult.
            • 2.
              Crows Have Had a Bad Press
              (36) ______ They are smarter than any cat and sometimes children too.But despite this,they have a bad reputation.
              "There are a few reasons for this,"says Kevin J.McGowan,a U.S.bird expert,who has studied crows for 25years."One is that they're black,and in western European culture,that's bad.(37) ______ So somebody died,lying on the side of the road,and the crows came in and picked at it because there it was,free food."
              Crows are also attacked by gardeners.It's not deserved,says John Marzluff,professor of wildlife science at the University of Washington.U.S.Marzluff says crows do more good than harm to a garden."They eat a great variety of crop pest insects,"he said,"so in the family garden they are a good natural insecticide."
              (38) ______
              Crows have strong family values.They come closer to human beings in social behavior than any other animal studied.Crow society is family-based.(39) ______ .When you see a number of crows gathering,they're usually family groups that are helping each other make a living.
              A crow has a big"vocabulary".It can make around 30calls unique to itself,each with a different meaning.From their calls,crows can tell the difference between family members,neighbors and strangers.
              Young crows like to play.They get an object like a leaf or a feather and they chase each other around,trying to get the object.Then whoever gets it gets chased.
              (40) ______ They let others know when they are calm,angry,fearful and playful.Some crow emotions and behavior are amazing,such as leaving goodies-candy,keys or shiny glass-for people who feed them,or pooping on the cars of people who bother them.

              A.Crow emotions are wonderful
              B.Here is something more about crows that you might not know.
              C.Young crows show respect for their parents as humans do.
              D.They also get associated with death because in Europe there are no vultures(秃鹰).
              E.Crows are very smart.
              F.Crows express emotions.
              G.Parents take care of their kids,just like people.
            • 3.
              Maybe you are an ordinary student.(36) ______ This is not necessarily so.Anyone can become a better student if he or she wants to.Here's how:
              Plan your time carefully.When planning your work,you should make a list of things that you have to do.After making this list,you should make a schedule of your time.First arrange your time for eating,sleeping,dressing,etc,then decide a good,regular time for studying.(37) ______ A weekly schedule may not solve all your problems,but it will force you realize what is happening to your time.
              Make good use of your time in class.(38) ______ Listening carefully in class means less work later.Taking notes will help you remember what the teacher says.
              Study regularly.When you get home from school,go over your notes,review the important points that your teacher is going to discuss the next day,read that material.(39) ______ If you do these things regularly,the material will become more meaningful,and you will remember it longer.
              Develop a good attitude towards tests.The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject.The world won't end if you don't pass a test,so don't be over worried.
              (40) ______ You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.

              A.This will help you understand the next class.
              B.You probably think you will never be a top student.
              C.Don't forget to set aside enough time for entertainment.
              D.No one can become a top student unless he or she works hard.
              E.There are other methods that might help you with your study.
              F.Take advantage of class time to listen to everything the teacher says.
              G.Make full use of spare time to take note of what the teacher says in class.
            • 4.
              ●Does failure really exist?
              If you believe you have failed,then you have.If you believe you don't have the ability to succeed,then you don't.(36) ______ The moment you decide to give up or stop working toward your goals,failure is born.
              ●(37) ______
              Most people give themselves an out without even realizing it.They are willing to work hard on reaching their goals,but only until the going gets too rough or their energy dies down. Don't do that!(38) ______ Never quit,never admit failure,and never lose heart.
              ●Don't believe in a clear finish line for goals.
              It's a good idea to set a general timeline,but remember that something will be beyond your control.(39) ______ If you lock yourself into a given timeline,you might make yourself feel like a failure!Instead,get a general idea of when you'd like your goal to be completed. Then take it one day at a time and focus on making progress instead of reaching the finish line in as little time as possible.
              ●Be sure that you don't see difficulties as failures.
              Difficulties mean only one thing:it's not time for your goal to be completed yet.That's it!It doesn't mean you failed; it doesn't mean you're weak; it doesn't mean you'll never achieve your goals.(40) ______ You've got to keep moving forward and find a way over,around,or through the difficulties.

              A. Never give up on yourself.
              B. Failure only exists in your own mind!
              C. That's exactly how failure makes us feel.
              D. It simply means you have not done enough yet.
              E. You can never say exactly when your goal will be reached.
              F. Instead,make up your mind to make your goal happen,no matter what!
              G. Work hard towards your goal,and you will be likely to get good results.
            • 5.
              There are thousands of words in the English language.And every year,there are more as English continues to grow.But how many of these words do you really need to learn?(36) ______
              The research shows that these top 100words make up about 50% of all the words we use in English.But that isn't all.They also found that the top 1,000words account for 75% of our vocabulary.And with only 7,000words,you've covered 90% of all the words you will use in your lifetime.Unbelievably,they also found that the top 10words in English (the,be,to,of,and,a,in,that,have,I) make up 25% of all the words we use.(37) ______ Sounds good?(38) ______ For a start,most of the words that appear in the list are headwords.A headword is like a root word,with lots of other related words that come after it.For example,from the headword"run"there are"runs,running,ski run,run out of something."
              (39) ______ So,while the most common meaning of"run"is"to move quickly",if you say that a road"runs"in a particular direction,you're describing which way the road goes.For example,"The road runs from north to south."
              So,of the 1,000high-frequency headwords there are thousands of other related words.(40) ______
              If you know the basic meaning of the headwords,you can often guess the meaning of the other terms and expressions.
              So,get studying that list!

              A.Unfortunately,it isn't that simple.
              B.The list includes millions of words in it.
              C.On top of that,words often have different meanings.
              D.However,studying high-frequency words can still be useful.
              E.The other 10% are words related to extremely specific subjects.
              F.A study by Oxford Online has identified the top 100words in English.
              G.So,if you take any 100-word paragraph from an article,the chances are that 25of them will be one of these words.
            • 6.
              Does failure really exist?
              If you believe you have failed,then you have.If you believe you don't have the ability to succeed,then you don't.(16) ______ The moment you decide to give up or stop working toward your goals,failure is born.
              (17) ______
              Most people give themselves an out without even realizing it.They are willing to work hard on reaching their goals,but only until the going gets too rough or their energy dies down.Don't do that!(18) ______ Never quit,never admit failure,and never lose heart.
              Don't believe in a clear finish line for goals.
              It's a good idea to set a general timeline (时间表),but remember that something will be beyond your control.(19) ______ If you lock yourself into a given timeline,you might make yourself feel like a failure!Instead,get a general idea of when you'd like your goal to be completed.Then take it one day at a time and focus on making progress instead of reaching the finish line in as little time as possible.
              Be sure that you don't see difficulties as failures.
              Difficulties mean only one thing:it's not time for your goal to be completed yet.That's it!It doesn't mean you failed; it doesn't mean you're weak; it doesn't mean you'll never achieve your goals.(20) ______ You've got to keep moving forward and find a way over,around,or through the difficulties.

              A.Never give up on yourself.
              B.Failure only exists in your own mind!
              C.That's exactly how failure makes us feel.
              D.It simply means you have not done enough yet.
              E.You can never say exactly when your goal will be reached.
              F.Instead,make up your mind to make your goal happen,no matter what!
              G.Work hard towards your goal,and you will be likely to get good results.
            • 7.
              Guide for Teenagers
              The teenage years can be tough,and it's normal to feel sad every now and then.But if these feelings don't go away or become so intense that you can't handle them,you may be suffering from depression.
              (36) ______ .
              Try not to isolate yourself
              When you're depressed,you may not feel like seeing anybody or doing anything.Just getting out of bed in the morning can be difficult,but isolating yourself only makes depression worse.(37) ______ .Spend time with friends,especially those who are active.
              Keep your body healthy
              Making healthy lifestyle choices can do wonders for your moods.Ever heard of"Runners High"?Physical activity can be as effective as medications for depression,so get involved in sports,ride your bike,or take a dance class.Any activity helps!(38) ______ .As for food,make sure you're feeding your mind with plenty of fruits,vegetables,and whole grains.
              Avoid alcohol and drugs
              You maybe try drinking or use drugs in an effort to escape from your feelings and get a"mood boost",even if just for a short time.However,substance abuse can not only make depression worse,but can cause you to become more depressed.(39) ______ .You will need special treatment for your substance abuse problem.
              (40) ______
              Stress and worry can lead to depression.Talk to a teacher if exams or classes seem overwhelming.In addition,if you have a health concern you feel you can't talk to your parents about,see a doctor.A health professional can help you approach your parents and guide you toward appropriate treatment.If you're dealing with relationships,friendships,or family problems,talk to an adult you trust.
              A.Ask for help if you are stressed
              B.Even a short walk can be beneficial
              C.Turn to your parents for help
              D.As you get out into the world,you may find yourself feeling better
              E.In short,drinking and taking drugs will make you feel worse-not better-in the long run
              F.The more exercise you do,the healthier you will be
              G.Help is available and you have more power than you think.
            • 8.
              Although it is fashionable to say that everyone should share the housework equally,in many homes parents do most of it.(36) ______
              It is true that young people spend most of the day at school or college and they also have large amounts of homework to do when they come home.(37) ______ In my view,family life is more pleasant when everyone shares the responsibility for cleaning and tidying because it takes less time.
              (38) ______ But in my opinion,young people should learn to do them as preparation for the future.
              Teenagers should share the housework because learning how to do it will help them when they have you look after their own family in the future.(39) ______ But if they learn to do some basic housework when they are old enough to do it,they won't be worried about doing the housework in their new grown-up life.
              Finally,housework is boring if you do it alone.But when families do it together,it gives parents and children a chance to talk to each other about the things that matter to them.(40) ______
              For all these reasons,I think that everyone should share the housework.

              A.In fact,sharing the housework equally is impossible.
              B.They think they have an important role in their family.
              C.On the other hand,parents go out to work and come home tired.
              D.People often argue that parents do the cooking and cleaning better.
              E.In my opinion,I believe people of all ages should do their fair share.
              F.Too many young adults leave home without knowing how to cook or clean.
              G.This greatly improves family life and makes young people more responsible.
            • 9.
              How to find the perfect career
              Too many people are not satisfied with their professional career (事业) and are"stuck"in situations that do not make them happy.Here are some wonderful actions you can take to begin the path to a truly happy career.
              ▲Talk to your friends.
              Ask them,"what do you think I am best at",or"what do you think I enjoy doing most".(36) ______ However,their advice may help you decide what you should do.
              ▲(37) ______ Read some interesting magazines,books,newspapers or novels.They will give you a constant flow of ideas and keep the mind rich.
              ▲Talk to the happiest and most successful people you know.(38) ______
              Be serious with your questions.And see if there is anything you can learn from them.Have these people become your teachers and friends.
              ▲Keep a journal(日记).
              Writing down your ideas is an important practice for your career growth.(39) ______ You never know when great ideas will come to your mind!
              ▲Develop patience.
              You may want a change in your career right now.(40) ______ Anyway,doing the practices mentioned above will bring about the right chance much faster.

              A.Read as widely as possible.
              B.Talk to your family members.
              C.Changing careers can be very difficult.
              D.Ask them how they realized their dreams.
              E.This may seem like a strange conversation at first.
              F.Carrying a notebook with you at all times is also a great idea.
              G.But it is necessary to be patient and wait for the right chance to come.
            • 10.
              Many adults are not aware of the very active social lives that their children lead.You might think that your young child does not yet have a social life.(76) ______
              Young children under the age of 5are in a stage of life where they need to be nurtured by their parents,guided and taught about the world around them.They have minimal independence and are generally always supervised by an adult.Even so,it is a stage of their lives when huge amounts of personality development and emotional development take place.(77) ______
              One of the things that always makes me chuckle is when I am in the supermarket or out and about and I see a young mother with her child.The mother is often busy multi-tasking,picking up items,calculating prices and soothing her young child all at the same time,while the child is engaging with the people around them.(78) ______ Usually the mother is completely unaware that her child is engaging in social interaction.Some babies smile at every passing person,undoubtedly developing the charm that will open many doors for them in later life.
              Aside from all of the incidental ways that your child engages in social interaction,it is important to purposely set up opportunities for your child to socialize and interact with other children their age.(79) Households with many children can be ideal for providing natural opportunities for children to interact socially.However today's typical household contains just one or two children.
              (80) ______ Organizing play dates with other children their age is great,as is enrolling them in some type of activity for toddlers at the local library.Look around your community for activities that are safe,social and stimulating for your child and begin to purposefully involve your child in these activities for their social development.

              A.Sometimes the child makes eye contact,some times an adult waves to the child or makes faces.
              B.In reality though,even if your child spends the majority of their time right by your side,they interact directly or indirectly with everyone you interact with and more.
              C.The fact is,many of the social skills that they learn as a young child will last them throughout their entire lifespan.
              D.This development will affect their young social lives and,surprisingly to most,a lot of the social interaction that they will engage in for the remainder of their lives.
              E.Anything aimed at children much younger than your child will bore them and anything aimed at children much older will frustrate them.
              F.Taking young children to the local park to play while you watch and supervise is a great way to introduce them to playing with other children.
              G.This gives them healthy opportunities to begin to develop socially.
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