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            • 1． 阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
                  How far would you be willing to go to satisfy your need to know? Far enough to find out your possibility of dying from a terrible disease? These days that’s more than an academic question, as Tracy Smith reports in our Cover Story.
                  There are now more than a thousand genetic tests, for everything from baldness to breast cancer, and the list is growing. Question is, do you really want to know what might eventually kill you? For instance, Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson, one of the first people to map their entire genetic makeup, is said to have asked not to be told if he were at a higher risk for Alzheimer’（老年痴呆症）.
                  “If I tell you that you have an increased risk of getting a terrible disease, that could weigh on your mind and make you anxious, through which you see the rest of your life as you wait for that disease to hit you. It could really mess you up.” Said Dr. Robert Green, a Harvard geneticist.
                  “Every ache and pain,” Smith suggested, could be understood as “the beginning of the end.” “That ’s right. If you ever worried you were at risk for Alzheimer’s disease, then every time you can’t find your car in the parking lot, you think the disease has started.”
                  Dr. Green has been thinking about this issue for years. He led a study of people who wanted to know if they were at a higher genetic risk for Alzheimer’s. It was thought that people who got bad news would, for lack of a better medical term, freak out. But Green and his team found that there was “no significant difference” between how people handled good news and possibly the worst news of their lives. In fact, most people think they can handle it. People who ask for the information usually can handle the information, good or bad, said Green.
              难度：较难
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            • 2． Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Almost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and have more respectable jobs.      
                Personal ad­visors give them better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive (主管的) circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harm­ful to a woman. Handsome male executives were considered having more honesty than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to lead to their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less honesty than unattractive ones; their success was connected not with ability but with factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more honesty and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Interestingly, though, the rise of the attractive overnight succes­ses was connected more with personal relationships and less to ability than that of the unattractive over­night successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman considered to be more womanish has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally man­ly position appears to lack the “manly” qualities. This is true even in politics, “When the only clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,” says Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractive­ness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduate students to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offices. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males completely defeated unattractive men, but the women who had ranked most attractive unchangeably received the fewest votes.
              难度：较难
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            • 3． Long nights of winter can leave even the most positive people feeling cranky（古怪的）. But for about 5% of Americans, it’s more serious: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that most occurs in the winter. Symptoms include loss of energy, eating more and difficulty concentrating.
                  The cause of SAD is unknown, but darker days probably play a role. Reduced levels of natural sunlight can disrupt your body’s internal clock, which can lead to depression. It also causes a drop in serotonin（血清素）, a feel-good brain chemical. Severe cases may need antidepressant treatment. You can’t prevent the disorder from developing, but you can ease the symptoms.
                   Consider light therapy
                  Exposure to bright light that mimics（模仿）natural light is thought to affect mood-related brain chemicals and ease symptoms. It involves sitting in front of a special light box or wearing a cap-like lighted visor（盔甲）for about 30 minutes a day. Another therapy uses a “dawn simulator” that turns on early in the morning and gradually increases in brightness, allowing your body to wake up naturally. Light therapy can have minor side effects, such as eye strain and headaches, and it isn’t recommended for people with skin sensitivity.
                   Go outside
                  Yes, even if it’s cold and cloudy. Natural light is still good for you, and it can relieve your symptoms, especially if you head outdoors within two hours of waking up. At home, open the blinds and drapes to let in the light.
                   Eat right and exercise
                  Two health basics can help here, too: A well-balanced diet can improve energy levels, and regular physical activity works to boost your mood and ease stress and anxiety, which can aggravate SAD symptoms.
                   Spend time with friends
                  Make an effort to see people you enjoy, even when you’re down. Staying connected to your social circle and participating in your regular activities can offer great support during the winter months.
              难度：中等
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            • 4． Treasure hunts have excited people’s imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues found in a book when he wrote a children’s story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare (兔子), and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues (线索) to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of “red herrings”, or false clues, to mislead them.
                  Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (逻辑), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: “One of Six to Eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry VIII’s six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
                  Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th, 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth £ 3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.
              难度：较难
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            • 5． Honesty comes in many forms. First there’s self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you appear through smoke and mirrors? I find that if I try to be something I’m not, I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my PBA (personal bank account). I love how singer Judy Garland put it, “Always be a first-class version of yourself, instead of a second-class version of somebody else.”
                Then there’s honesty in our actions. Are you honest at school, with your parents, and with your boss? If you’ve ever been dishonest, I think we all have, try being honest, and notice how whole it makes you feel. Remember, you can’t do wrong and feel right. This story by Jeff is a good example of that: In my second year of study, there were three kids in my math class who didn’t do well. I was really good at it. I would charge them three dollars for each test that I helped them pass. I’d write on a little piece of paper all the right answers, and hand them off.
                 At first I felt like I was making money, kind of a nice job. I wasn’t thinking about how it could hurt all of us. After a while I realized I shouldn’t do that anymore, because I wasn’t really helping them. They weren’t learning anything, and it would only get harder down the road. Cheating certainly wasn’t helping me.
                It takes courage to be honest when people all around you are getting away with cheating on tests, lying to their parents, and stealing at work. But, remember, every act of honesty is a deposit (储蓄) into your PBA and will build strength .

              难度：较难
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            • 6． Worry can make even the most strong-willed person ill. General Grant discovered that during the closing days of the American Civil War (1861-1865). The story goes like this: Grant had been besieging (包围) Richmond, Virginia, for nine months. Richmond served as the capital of the Confederate States of America , which supported slavery and wanted to separate from the United States of America . The Confederate States Army, led by General Lee, was beaten. The soldiers were hungry. Many of them ran away from the city at night. The end was close.
                   Grant, half blind with a violent sick headache, fell behind his army and stopped at a farmhouse. “I spent the night,” he records in his memoirs (传记), “in bathing my feet in hot water and putting mustard plasters (芥子膏) on my wrists and the back part of my neck, hoping to be cured by morning.”
                   The next morning, he was cured instantaneously. And the thing that cured him was not a mustard plaster, but a horseman riding down the road with a letter from Lee, saying he wanted to stop fighting.
              “When the officer bearing the message reached me,” Grant wrote, “I was still suffering with the sick headache, but the instant I saw the things written in the note, I was cured.”
                  Obviously it was Grant's worries, tensions, and emotions that made him ill. He was cured instantly the moment he saw the sure signs of victory.
                  To learn more about the negative effects of worry, you may find an influential book about it in your public library. The book is Man Against Himself by Dr. Karl Menninger. Dr. Menninger's book will not give you any rules about how to avoid worry, but it will offer you true facts about how we destroy our bodies and minds by anxiety, frustration, hatred, anger, and fear.
              难度：较难
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            • 7． Even before my father left us，my mother had to go back to work to support our family. Once I came out of the kitchen，complaining，“Mom，I can't peel potatoes. I have only one hand.”
                  Mom never looked up from sewing. “You get yourself into that kitchen and peel those potatoes，” she told me. “And don't ever use that as an excuse for anything again！”
                  In the second grade，our teacher lined up my class on the playground and had each of us race across the monkey bars，swinging from one high steel rod to the next. When it was my turn，I shook my head. Some kids behind me laughed，and I went home crying.
              That night I told Mom about it. She hugged me，and I saw her “we'll see about that” look. The next afternoon，she took me back to school. At the deserted playground，Mom looked carefully at the bars.
                  “Now，pull up with your right arm，” she advised. She stood by as I struggled to lift myself with my right hand until I could hook the bar with my other elbow(肘子)．Day after day we practiced，and she praised me for every rung I reached. I'll never forget the next time，crossing the rungs，I looked down at the kids who were standing with their mouths open.
                  One night，after a dance at my new junior high，I lay in bed sobbing. I could hear Mom come into my room. “Mom，” I said，weeping，“none of the boys would dance with me.”
                  For a long time，I didn't hear anything. Then she said，“Oh，honey，someday you'll be beating those boys off with a bat.” Her voice was faint and cracking. I peeked out from my covers to see tears running down her cheeks. Then I knew how much she suffered on my behalf(为了我)．She had never let me see her tears.
              难度：中等
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            • 8． Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers urged, "Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience." How right they were! Enthusiastic people can turn a boring drive into an adventure, extra work into opportunity and strangers into friends.
                  "Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm," wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson. It is the paste that helps you hang in there when the th ing gets tough.It is the inner voice that whispers, "I can do it!" when others shout, "No, you can't!" It took years and years for the early work of Barbara McClintock, a geneticist（遗传学家）who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn"t let up on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping.
                  We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such a youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach（巴赫）. As the music flowed through his fingers, his bent shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel once wrote, "Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul."
                  Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money, title or power. Patricia Mallrath, retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, "My father, a lawyer, long ago told me, I never made a penny until I stopped working for money."
                  If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can do it as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton of Wellsville, Kan, was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended her depression that had troubled her for at least 30 years, and the quality of her work led one critic to say, "I am persuaded to call Layton a genius."
                  We can't afford to waste tears on "might-have-beens". We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after "what-can-be." We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a backyard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, and the beauty of a rainbow.
              难度：中等
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            • 9． With the videogame market flooded with more violent games, it can be a constant struggle for parents to monitor and limit their children's video-gaming.
                 But a recent US Supreme Court decision doesn't help parents. The ruling struck down California's 2010 law that had prevented the sale or rental to those younger than 18 of violent games. The majority opinion said such limits went against First Amendment rights. So, parents, it's up to you to fight against the influences of the＄18 billion video-gaming industry.
                 With so many video and computer games easily accessible, that monitoring role isn't easy. It's not just a matter of saying “no” to children, say psychologists. Some parents who shun government involvement in such matters welcomed the ruling, even while hating violent video games.
              “It's a parent's responsibility to teach them what they should watch and use,” said Ruth Forster, 45, Avon, Her daughter, Ellie, 13, doesn't like to play video games now, but Forster monitors her daughter's movies and books. “Parents need to see how children react to a video and how it affects them,” she advised. “There are other video games out there you can help them to choose. Hopefully, if you instilled(灌输)enough good things in them, they'll do the right thing.” Parents need to be aware of the games their children are playing and how long they’re playing, and make sure the games are appropriate for their ages and personalities, she said.
                 It’s not hard to find reviews, ratings(分级) and details about games. Video-game ratings by the Entertainment Software Rating Board, give consumers an idea of the level of violence, sexual content and bad language. Videos with a rating of “M” for mature, for example, are said to be suitable for people 17 and older. But the system is voluntary, so younger children can buy or rent “M”-rated games. But it’s not enough to rely completely on the ratings.   
              难度：中等
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            • 10． In the past two decades, the Chinese economy has undergone many reforms in an effort to compete more effectively on the international market. These reforms included allowing foreign banks to offer credit cards to Chinese citizens. Now, researchers at the University of Missouri(MU) have found about 30% of Chinese urban households now own at least one credit card and the growth rate of credit adoption has been an average of 40% per year between 2004 and 2009.
                  Rui Yao, an assistant professor of personal financial planning at MU, says that this large growth in such a small amount of time has positive and negative implications for the Chinese economy.
                  "With more and more people taking advantage of credit cards in China, it certainly increases potential consumer buying power," Yao said. "However, we found that more than 90% of credit card users were unaware of safety issues existing in credit card use and more than 60% had little knowledge of the consequences of credit card debt. This lack of knowledge could create problems as credit card ownership is expected to grow at a rate of 11% a year."
                  Yao found that while 72% of Chinese credit card holders were never late on their payment, only 55% were able to pay the full balance. She also found that 70% of Chinese credit card holders said that credit cards contributed to overspending.
                  Yao believe that Chinese could benefit from financial education designed to help them plan for their financial future and encouraging the Chinese to take advantage of debt in a responsible fashion is important for the Chinese economy. "Appropriate use of debt can help households improve their quality of life as well as spur economic growth through an increase in market purchases," Yao said.
              难度：中等
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