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            • 1. California Condor’s Shocking Recovery
              California condors are North America’s largest birds,with wind-length of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s,electrical lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.Now,electric shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
              In the late 1980s,the last few condors were taken from the wild,and there are now more than 150flying over California and nearby Arizona,Utah and Baja in Mexico.
              Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for the night,they just don’t see the power lines,”says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines,resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.
              So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles,placed in large training areas,teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced,66% of set-freed condors died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.
              Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo,where they are treated with calcium EDTA,a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.
              Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years.“Although these measures are not effective forever,they are vital for now,”he says.“They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”

              63.California condors attract researchers’interest because they    
              A.are active at night
              B.had to be bred in the wild
              C.are found on in California
              D.almost died out in the 1980s
              64.Researchers have found electrical lines are    
              A.blocking condors’journey home
              B.big killers of Califorbnia condors
              C.rest places for condors at night
              D.used to keep condors away
              65.According to Paraghaph 5,lead poisoning    
              A.makes condors too nervous to fly
              B.has little effect on condors’kidneys
              C.can hardly be gotten rid of form condors’blood
              D.makes it different for condors to produce baby birds
              66.The passage shows that    
              A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactory
              B.Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering
              C.the efforts to protect condors bave brought good results
              D.researchers have found the final answers to the problem.
            • 2. Every living thing has genes.Genes carry information.(36)    They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows.They also make sure that a dog doesn’t give birth to a frog,or an elephant to a horse.However,genetic engineers take genes from one species-for example,a snake,and transfer them to another-for example,corn.(37)    Such new life forms have been described,by some scientists as a real-life Frankenstein.
              Genetic engineers put duck genes into chicken to make the chickens bigger.They put hormones(激素)into cows to make them produce more milk.They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes.(38)     It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.
              The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous.The engineers may create strange life beings,or monsters.that we cannot contro1.(39)     They’11 have to find one,fight for one-or kill for one.It may be your land they fight for-or you that they kill.Moreover,the effects of these experiments can often be cruel.In America,pigs were given human genes to make them bigger and less fatty.The experiment failed.The pigs became very ill and began to lose their eyesight.
              We would all like a better,healthier and longer life,and genetic engineering might give us this.On the other hand,it may be a dangerous experiment with nature.In the story of Frankenstein,the doctor created such a terrible and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it.(40)    

              A.They are passed on from generation to generation.
              B.In this way a new life form is created.
              C.The new life forms have no natural habitat or home.
              D.This doesn’t make them cheaper,tastier,or healthier.
              E.Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish.
              F.We must make sure that this tale remains a story-and no more than that.
              G.The information tells us what to do or what not to do.
            • 3. Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day.But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much.Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day,British-based researchers say.
              David Dominoni,of Glasgow University,said that light from street lamps,take away signs and homes is affecting the birds'biological clock,leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
              Dr Dominoni,who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns,said lack of sleep could put the birds'health at risk.His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab,it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day.And the more birds are exposed to light,the more active they are at night.
              He told people at a conference,“There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing.Singing is a costly behavior and it takes energy.So by increasing their song output,there might be some costs of energy.“
              And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light.Blackoiids and seagulls are also being more nocturnal.Dr Dominoni said,“In Glasgow where I live,gulls are a serious problem.I have people coming to me saying′You are the bird expert.Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season,between April and June,they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.“
              Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution,other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
              However,some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments.A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery.It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.

              42.According to Dr Dominoni's study,what cause rrobins to sing so much?    
              A.The breeding season.
              B.The light in modem
              C.The dangerous environment.
              D.The noise from heavy machinery.
              43.What is the researchers'concern over the increase of birds'song output?    
              A.The environment might be polluted.
              B.The birds'health might be damaged.
              C.The industry cost might be increased.
              D.The people's hearing might be affected.
              44.What does the underlined word“nocturnal“in Paragraph 5mean?    
              A.Active at night.
              B.Inactive at night.
              C.Active during the day.
              D.Inactive during the day.
              45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?    
              A.Because there are fewer dangers.
              B.Because there is more food to eat.
              C.Because there is less light pollution
              D.Because there are more places to take shelter.
            • 4. Evaluating Sources (来源) of health Information
              Making good choices about your own health requairs reasonable evaluation.A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information.Resonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to fins relevant information,how to separate fact from opinions,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.(71)    
              Go to the original source.Media reports often simplify the results of medical research.Find out for yourself what a study really reported,and determin whether it was based on good science.Think about the type of study.(72)    
              Watch for misleading language.Some studies will find that a behaviour“contributes to”or is“associated with”an outcome; this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.(73)     Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.
              Use your common sense.If a report seems too good to be true,probably it is.Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.(74)     Evaluate“scientific”statements carefully,and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).
              (75)     Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration,but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.
              Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.
              A.Make choice that are right for you.
              B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.
              C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.
              D.And examine the findings of the original research.
              E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.
              F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author’s point of view.
              G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.
            • 5. There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can't help putting an weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths
              I’ll never lose weight--I come from a fat family
              Wrong!While we can't change the body type  we are born with,we can't blame our genes for making us fat.There's plenty of evidence  that fatness runs in families,and the main reason is  that they share the same habit of eating too much and exercise too little.
              I am fat because I burn calories slowly
              Wrong!Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact,although fat people
              consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat]Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake mom accurately.
              Exercise is boring
              Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and
              varied program that's fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different mute.
              If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swiping,set yourself a distance or time challenge.
              No pain,no gain
              Wrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed,pain is you body telling you something's wrong,and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don't,rest and seek medical advice.
              40.What does the author think about being fat?    
              A.It is the family genes that make people fat.
              B.People are fat because they consume too little energy.
              C.A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.
              D.It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.
              41.According to the author,how can we make exercise mom interesting?    
              A.By taking varied exercise.
              B.By choosing simple exercise.
              C.By doing regular exercise.
              D.By sticking to outdoor exercise.
              42.What is the author's opinion about“No pain,no gain“in exercising?    
              A.Keeping lit is essentially a painful experience.
              B.Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.
              C.Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.
              D.Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.
              43.What is the purpose of the passage?    
              A.To declare the importance of keeping lit.
              B.To clarify some misconceptions about fatness and exercise.
              C.To confirm what has long been believed about keeping fit.
              D.To explain some medical facts about being fat and doing exercise.
            • 6. The technology is great.Without it we wouldn’t have been able to put a man on the moon,explore the ocean’s depths or eat microwave sausages.Computers have revolutionized our lives and they have the power to educate and pass on knowledge.But sometimes this power can create more problems than it solves.
                Every doctor has had to try their best to calm down patients who’ve come into their surgery waving an Internet print-out,convinced that they have some rare incurable disease,say,throat cancer.The truth is usually far more ordinary,though:they don’t have throat cancer,and it’s just that their throats are swollen.Being a graduate of the Internet“school”of medicine does not guarantee accurate self-health-checks.
                One day Mrs.Almond came to my hospital after feeling faint at work.While I took her blood sample and tried to find out what was wrong,she said calmly,“I know what’s wrong; I’ve got throat cancer.I know there’s nothing you doctors can do about it and I’ve just got to wait until the day comes.”
                As a matter of routine I ordered a chest X-ray.I looked at it and the blood results an hour later.Something wasn’t right.“Did your local doctor do an X-ray?”I asked.“Oh,I haven’t been to the doctor for years,”she replied.“I read about it on a website and the symptoms fitted,so I knew that’s what I had.”
                However,some of her symptoms,like the severe cough and weight loss,didn’t fit with it-but she’d just ignored this.
                I looked at the X-ray again,and more tests confirmed it wasn’t the cancer but tuberculosis (肺结核)-something that most certainly did need treating,and could be deadly.She was lucky we caught it when we did.
                Mrs.Almond went pale when I explained she would have to be on treatment for the next six months to ensure that she was fully recovered.It was certainly a lesson for her.“I’m so embarrassed,”she said,shaking her head,as I explained that all the people she had come into close contact with would have to be found out and tested.She listed up to about 20,and then I went to my office to type up my notes.Unexpectedly,the computer was not working,so I had to wait until someone from the IT department came to fix it.Typical.Maybe I should have a microwave sausage while I waited?
              63.Mrs.Almond talked about her illness calmly because    
              A.she thought she knew it well                            
              B.she had purchased medicine online
              C.she graduated from a medical school                 
              D.she had been treated by local doctors
              64.It was lucky for Mrs.Almond    
              A.to have contacted many friends                          
              B.to have recovered in a short time
              C.to have her assumption confirmed                          
              D.to have her disease identified in time
              65.Mrs.Almond said“I’m so embarrassed”(Para.7)because    
              A.she had distrusted her close friends                        
              B.she had caused unnecessary trouble
              C.she had to refuse the doctor’s advice                      
              D.she had to tell the truth to the doctor
              66.By mentioning the breakdown of the computer,the author probably wants to prove    
              A.it’s a must to take a break at work                    
              B.it’s vital to believe in IT professionals
              C.it’s unwise to simply rely on technology            
              D.it’s a danger to work long hours on computers.
            • 7. The Healthy Habits Survey(调查)shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits.Here are some findings and expert advice.
              1.How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday?
              Finding:A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.
              Step:Remove the 300types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush.
              Brush gently for 2minutes,at least twice a day.
              2.How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?
              Finding:Seniors,on average,bathe fewer than 3days a week.And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4times
              a day-half of the number doctors recommend.
              Step:We touch our faces around 3,000times a day-often inviting germs(病菌)to enter our mouth,nose,and
              eyes.Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle.And,most important,wash your hands often with
              hot running water and soap for 20seconds.
              3.How often do you think about fighting germs?
              Finding:Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.
              Step:Be aware of germs.Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge(海绵)that can carry
              more germs than anything else?To kill these germs,keep your sponge in the microwave for 10seconds.

              56.What is found out American seniors?    
              A.Most of then have good habits.
              B.Nearly 30%of then bathe three days a week.
              C.All of then are fighting germs better than expected.
              D.About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day
              57.Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands    
              A.twice a day    B.three times a day   C.four times a day   D.eight times a day
              58.Which of the following is true according to the text?    
              A.We should keep from touching our faces.
              B.There are less than 300types of bacteria in the mouth.
              C.A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.
              D.We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.
              59.The text probably comes from    
              A.a guide book   B.a popular magazine   C.a book review   D.an official document.
            • 8. Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.
              Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say.
              Increased carbon dioxide(CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.
              “Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researches of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.
              The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634species.It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5times and leafing by 4times.
              “Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance-for both leafing and flowering-that results from temperature increases,”the study said.
              The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said.
              Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis(光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.
              Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃every ten years since 1979.
              So far,efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃this century-a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels.

              57.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?    
              A.Plants’reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystem.
              B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation.
              C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns.
              D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather.
              58.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that    
              A.plants’flowering is 8.5times faster than leafing
              B.there are 1,634plant species on the four continents
              C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments
              D.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change
              59.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because    
              A.they can prove the climate change clearly
              B.they are very important in the food chains
              C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming
              D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before
              60.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?    
              A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃since 1979.
              B.Its change will lead to weather extremes.
              C.It is 0.8℃higher in 1979than that of 1990.
              D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃in this century.
            • 9. In a world with limited land,water and other natural resources (资源),the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise.Actually,the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm.People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed,and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways.That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products.In other words,we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
                   Today,sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries.According to a recent study,the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades.China,for example,has set its mind on leading that market,hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution.It is now tryuing hard to make full use of wind and solar energy,and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains.In addition,we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油),which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest.In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
                   Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets.First,they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy.Besides,stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.Finally,governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction,and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
                   The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits if this single planet.That is no small task,but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
              41.The traditional business model is humful because of all the following EXCEPT that    
              A.It makes the world warmer
              B.it consumes natural resources
              C.it brings severe damage to forests
              D.it makes growth hard to continue
              42.What can we infer from Paragraph 2?    
              A.China lacks wind and solar energy.
              B.China is the leader of the low-carbon market.
              C.High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.
              D.Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
              43.To full develop the low-carbon markets,government can    
              A.cut public expenses
              B.forbid carbon emission
              C.develop public resources
              D.encourage energy conservation
              44.We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to    
              A.develop sustainable products
              B.explore new natural resources
              C.make full use of natural resources
              D.deal with the major challenge
              45.What is the main purpose og the passage?    
              A.To introduce a new business model.
              B.To compare two business models.
              C.To predict a change of the global market.
              D.To advocate sustainable development.
            • 10. Grandparents Answer a Call
              As a third-generation native of Brownsville,Texas,Mildred Garza never pleased move away.Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children,she politely refused.Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes.That was four years ago.Today all three generations regard the move to a success,giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.
               No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren.Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing.Even President Obama’s mother-in-law,Marian Robinson,has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters.According to a study grandparents com.83 percent of the people said Mrs.Robinson's decision will influence the grandparents in the American family.Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.
              “In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,”says Christine Crosby,publisher of Grate magazine for grandparents.“We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them,especially when you’re raining children.”
                     Moving is not for everyone.Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices,but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead.Having your grandchildren far away is hard,especially knowing your adult child is struggling,but giving up the life you know may be harder.
              25.Why was Garza’s move a success?    
              A.It strengthened her family ties.
              B.It improved her living conditions.
              C.It enabled her to make more friends.
              D.It helped her know more new places.
              26.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs.Robinson’s decision?    
              A.17% expressed their support for it.
              B.Few people responded sympathetically.
              C.83% believed it had a bad influence.
              D.The majority thought it was a trend.
              27.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s?    
              A.They were unsure of themselves.
              B.They were eager to raise more children.
              C.They wanted to live away from their parents.
              D.They bad little respect for their grandparent.
              28.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph?    
              A.Make decisions in the best interests'of their own
              B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them
              C.Sacrifice for their struggling children
              D.Get to know themselves better.
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