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            • 1.

              已知下列热化学方程式:

                  \(\rm{①Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)+3CO(g)=2Fe(s)+3CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-24.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\);

                  \(\rm{②3Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)+CO(g)=2Fe_{3}O_{4}(s)+CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-47.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\);

                  \(\rm{③Fe_{3}O_{4}(s)+CO(g)=3FeO(s)+CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=+640.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)。

                  则\(\rm{28 g CO}\)气体与足量\(\rm{FeO}\)充分反应得到\(\rm{Fe}\)单质和\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)气体时的反应热为(    )

              A.\(\rm{-109 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{-218 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{+109 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{+218 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 2.

              已知:\(\rm{①H_{2}O(g)=H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{1}=-Q_{1}kJ/mol}\),

              \(\rm{②C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)=C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{2}=-Q_{2}kJ/mol}\),

              \(\rm{③C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3}=-Q_{3}kJ/mol}\)。

              则表示酒精燃烧热的热化学方程式是

              A.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l) ΔH=-(Q_{1}-Q_{2}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)

              B.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-(3Q_{1}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)

              C.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-(3Q_{1}-Q_{2}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)

              D.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-(3Q_{1}-Q_{2}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)
            • 3.

              已知:\(\rm{①C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s)=2C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+2CO_{2}(g)}\)      \(\rm{ΔH_{1}}\)

              \(\rm{②6CO_{2}(g)+6H_{2}O(g)=C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s)+6O_{2}(g)}\)     \(\rm{ΔH_{2}}\)

              \(\rm{③2H_{2}O(g)=2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)}\)         \(\rm{ΔH_{3}}\)

              \(\rm{④2CO_{2}(g)+6H_{2}(g)=C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3H_{2}O(g)}\)    \(\rm{ΔH_{4}}\)

              下列有关说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{H_{2}}\)的燃烧热为\(\rm{ΔH_{3}/2}\)

              B.反应\(\rm{①}\)使用催化剂,\(\rm{ΔH_{1}}\)将减小

              C.标准状况下,反应\(\rm{②}\)生成\(\rm{1.12 L O_{2}}\),转移的电子数为\(\rm{0.1×6.02×10^{23}}\)

              D.\(\rm{2ΔH_{4}=ΔH_{1}+ΔH_{2}-6ΔH_{3}}\)
            • 4. 已知\(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{101kPa}\)时,一些物质的燃烧热为:
              化学式\(\rm{CO(g)}\)\(\rm{H_{2}(g)}\)\(\rm{CH_{3}OH(l)}\)
              \(\rm{\triangle H/(}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1})}\)\(\rm{-283.0}\)\(\rm{-285.8}\)\(\rm{-726.5}\)
              请回答下列问题:
              \(\rm{(1)}\)写出该条件下\(\rm{CH_{3}OH(l)}\)完全燃烧的热化学方程式: ______ 。
              \(\rm{(2)}\)根据盖斯定律完成反应的热化学方程式:\(\rm{CO(g)+2H_{2}(g)═CH_{3}OH(l)\triangle H=}\) ______ 。
            • 5. 已知:\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}CO_{2}(g)+C(s)=2CO(g)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\) \(\rm{2CO(g)+O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{3\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}4Fe(s)+3O_{2}(g)=2Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{4}}\)

              \(\rm{3 CO(g)+Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)=3CO_{2}(g)+2Fe(s)}\)   \(\rm{\triangle H_{5}}\)

              下列关于上述反应焓变的判断正确的是

              A.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1} > 0}\),\(\rm{\triangle H_{3} < 0}\)         
              B.\(\rm{\triangle H_{2} > 0}\),\(\rm{\triangle H_{4} > 0}\)
              C.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}\)
              D.\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}}\)
            • 6.

              \(\rm{S(}\)单斜\(\rm{)}\)和\(\rm{S(}\)正交\(\rm{)}\)是硫的两种同素异形体。

              已知:\(\rm{①S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)+O_{2}(g)═══SO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH_{1}=-297.16 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{②S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)+O_{2}(g)═══SO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH_{2}=-296.83 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{③S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)═══S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3}}\)

              下列说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{ΔH_{3}=+0.33 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              B.单斜硫转化为正交硫的反应是吸热反应

              C.\(\rm{S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)═══S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3} < 0}\),正交硫比单斜硫稳定

              D.\(\rm{S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)═══S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3} > 0}\),单斜硫比正交硫稳定
            • 7.

              黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一,其爆炸的热化学方程式为:

              \(\rm{S(s)+2KNO_{3}(s)+3C(s)═K_{2}S(s)+N_{2}(g)+3CO_{2}(g) ΔH= x kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              已知碳的燃烧热\(\rm{ΔH_{1}= a kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{S(s)+2K(s)═K_{2}S(s)}\)   \(\rm{ΔH_{2}= bkJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{2K(s)+N_{2}(g)+3O_{2}(g)═2KNO_{3}(s)}\)   \(\rm{ΔH_{3}= ckJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              则\(\rm{x}\)为\(\rm{(}\)    \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{3a+b-c}\)     
              B.\(\rm{c +3a-b}\)  
              C.\(\rm{a+b-c}\) 
              D.\(\rm{c+a-b}\)
            • 8.

              用\(\rm{H_{2}O_{2}}\)和\(\rm{H_{2}SO_{4}}\)的混合溶液可溶出废旧印刷电路板上的铜。已知:

              \(\rm{Cu(s)+2H^{+}(aq)=Cu^{2+}(aq)+H_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=+64.39kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{2H_{2}O_{2}(l)=2H_{2}O(l)+O_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-196.46kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{{{{H}}_{{2}}}{(g})+\dfrac{1}{2}{{{O}}_{2}}{(g})={{{H}}_{{2}}}{O(l})}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-285.84kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              在\(\rm{H_{2}SO_{4}}\)溶液中,等物质的量为\(\rm{Cu}\)与\(\rm{H_{2}O_{2}}\)反应生成\(\rm{Cu^{2+}(aq)}\)和\(\rm{H_{2}O(l)}\)的反应热的\(\rm{ΔH}\)等于

              A.\(\rm{-417.91kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{-319.68kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{+546.69kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{-448.46kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 9.

              \(\rm{CO}\)、\(\rm{H_{2}}\)、\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH}\)三种物质燃烧的热化学方程式如下:

              \(\rm{①CO(g)+1/2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH_{1}=a kJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{②H_{2}(g)+1/2O_{2}(g)=H_{2}O(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH_{2}=bkJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{③C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3}=ckJ/mol}\)

              下列说法正确的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{ΔH_{1} > 0}\)
              B.\(\rm{2H_{2}O(l)=2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH= }\)--\(\rm{2bkJ/mol}\)

              C.\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)与\(\rm{H_{2}}\)合成\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH}\)反应的原子利用率为\(\rm{100\%}\)

              D.\(\rm{2CO(g)+4H_{2}(g)=H_{2}O(g)+C_{2}H_{5}OH(1)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=(2a+4b-c)kJ/mol}\)
            • 10. 已知:\(\rm{H_{2}O(g)═H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{1}=-Q_{1}kJ⋅mol^{-1}(Q_{1} > 0)}\)

                       \(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)═C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)\triangle H_{2}=-Q_{2}kJ⋅mol^{-1}(Q_{2} > 0)}\)

                       \(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)+3O_{2}(g)═2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{3}=-Q_{3}kJ⋅mol^{-1}(Q_{3} > 0)}\)

              若使\(\rm{23g}\)液态乙醇完全燃烧并恢复至室温,则放出的热量为\(\rm{(}\)单位:\(\rm{kJ)(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

                 

              A.\(\rm{Q_{1}+Q_{2}+Q_{3}}\)                              
              B.\(\rm{0.5(Q_{1}+Q_{2}+Q_{3})}\)

                 

              C.\(\rm{0.5Q_{1}-1.5Q_{2}+0.5Q_{3}}\)                      
              D.\(\rm{1.5Q_{1}-0.5Q_{2}+0.5Q_{3}}\)
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