8.
Ⅰ\(\rm{.}\)已知下列热化学方程式:
\(\rm{①H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g)=H_{2}O(l) ΔH=-285.8 kJ/mol}\)
\(\rm{②H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g)=H_{2}O(g) ΔH=-241.8 kJ/mol}\)
\(\rm{③CO(g)=C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g) ΔH=+110.5 kJ/mol}\)
\(\rm{④C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g) ΔH=-393.5 kJ/mol}\)
回答下列问题:
\(\rm{(1)}\)上述反应中属于放热反应的是________\(\rm{(}\)填序号\(\rm{)}\)。
\(\rm{(2)H_{2}}\)的燃烧热\(\rm{ΔH=}\)________。
\(\rm{(3)}\)燃烧\(\rm{10 g H_{2}}\)生成液态水,放出的热量为________。
\(\rm{(4)}\)表示\(\rm{CO}\)燃烧热的热化学方程式为______________________________。
Ⅱ\(\rm{.}\)已知:
\(\rm{①P_{4}(s}\),白磷\(\rm{)+5O_{2}(g)=P_{4}O_{10}(s)}\)
\(\rm{ΔH=-2 983.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
\(\rm{②P(s}\),红磷\(\rm{)+ \dfrac{5}{4} O_{2}(g)= \dfrac{1}{4} P_{4}O_{10}(s)}\)
\(\rm{ΔH=-738.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
写出白磷转化为红磷的热化学方程式:________________________________。
Ⅲ按要求完成下列填空:
\(\rm{①}\)乙烯\(\rm{(C_{2}H_{4})}\)气体与氧气反应生成\(\rm{1}\)
\(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{H_{2}O( }\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)}\)和\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)}\),放出\(\rm{705.5}\)
\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J}\)热量,其热化学方程式是
\(\rm{②}\)已知下列热化学方程式:
\(\rm{(1)CH_{3}COOH(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)+2O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═2CO_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+2H_{2}O(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{1}=-870.3}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J/}\)\(\rm{mol}\);
\(\rm{(2)C(}\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═CO_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{2}=-393.5}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J/}\)\(\rm{mol}\);
\(\rm{(3)H_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═H_{2}O(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{3}=-285.8}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J/}\)\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{.}\)则反应\(\rm{2C(}\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+2H_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═CH_{3}COOH(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为 \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\)\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
\(\rm{③1}\)\(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{CO}\)还原适量\(\rm{F}\)\(\rm{e}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}O_{3}}\)固体生成\(\rm{F}\)\(\rm{e}\)\(\rm{(}\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)}\),放出\(\rm{8.2}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J}\) 热量,其热化学方程式是