知识点挑题 - 高中化学 - 优优班--学霸训练营

已知：\(\rm{Zn(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}{O}_{2}(g)=ZnO(s) ΔH=-348.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)；\(\rm{2Ag(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}{O}_{2}(g)=A{g}_{2}O(s) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=-31.0 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)；则反应\(\rm{Zn(s)+Ag_{2}O(s)═ZnO(s)+2Ag(s)}\)的\(\rm{ΔH}\)等于

A．\(\rm{-317.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

B．\(\rm{-379.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

C．\(\rm{-332.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

D．\(\rm{+317.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

难度：较易

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3．

某反应使用催化剂后，其反应过程中能量变化如图所示\(\rm{.}\)下列说法错误的是

A．该反应的总反应为放热反应

B．使用催化剂，可以改变反应进行的方向

C．反应\(\rm{①}\)是吸热反应，反应\(\rm{②}\)是放热反应

D．\(\rm{ΔH=ΔH_{1}+ΔH_{2}}\)

难度：较易

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4．

已知：\(\rm{①}\)：\(\rm{2C(s)+O_{2}(g)═2CO(q)\triangle H=-221.0kJ/mol②2H_{2}(q)+O_{2}(q)═2H_{2}O(g)}\)

\(\rm{\triangle H=-483.6kJ/mol}\)，则制备水煤气的反应\(\rm{C(s)+H_{2}O(g)═CO(g)+H_{2}(g)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{262{.}6{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)

B．\(\rm{-131.3kJ/mol}\)

C．\(\rm{{-}352{.}3{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)

D．\(\rm{{+}131{.}3{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)

难度：较易

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5．

盖斯定律指出：化学反应的焓变只与各反应物的始态和各生成物的终态有关，而与具体的反应途径无关\(\rm{.}\)物质\(\rm{A}\)在一定条件下可发生一系列转化，由图判断下列关系错误的是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{A→F}\)，\(\rm{\triangle H=-\triangle H_{6}}\)

B．\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}+\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}+\triangle H_{6}=1}\)

C．\(\rm{C→F}\)，\(\rm{|\triangle H|=|\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{6}|}\)

D．\(\rm{|\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}|=|\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}+\triangle H_{6}|}\)

难度：较易

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6．

已知：\(\rm{Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)+ \dfrac {3}{2}C(s)= \dfrac {3}{2}CO_{2}(g)+2Fe(s)\triangle H=+234.1kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)\triangle H=-393.5kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
则\(\rm{2Fe(s)+ \dfrac {3}{2}O_{2}(g)=Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{-824.4kJ⋅mol^{-}}\)

B．\(\rm{-627.6kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

C．\(\rm{-744.7kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

D．\(\rm{-169.4kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

难度：较易

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7．

在\(\rm{298K}\)、\(\rm{100kPa}\)时，已知：\(\rm{2H_{2}O(g)=O_{2}(g)+2H_{2}(g)\triangle H_{1}}\)
\(\rm{Cl_{2}(g)+H_{2}(g)=2HCl(g)\triangle H_{2}}\)
\(\rm{2Cl_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)=4HCl(g)+O_{2}(g)\triangle H_{3}}\)
则\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}}\)与\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\)和\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\)间的关系正确的是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}+2\triangle H_{2}}\)

B．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}}\)

C．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}-2\triangle H_{2}}\)

D．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{2}}\)

难度：较易

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8．

已知热化学方程式：
\(\rm{①C_{2}H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac {5}{2}O_{2}(g)═2CO_{2}(g)+H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{1}=-1301.0kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
\(\rm{②C(s)+O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)\triangle H_{2}=-393.5kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
\(\rm{③H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)═H_{2}O(1)\triangle H_{3}=-285.8kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
则反应\(\rm{④2C(s)+H_{2}(g)═C_{2}H_{2}(g)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{+228.2}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

B．\(\rm{-228.2}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

C．\(\rm{+1301.0}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

D．\(\rm{+621.7}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

难度：较易

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9．盖斯定律指出：化学反应的焓变只与各反应物的始态和各生成物的终态有关，而与具体的反应途径无关\(\rm{.}\)物质\(\rm{A}\)在一定条件下可发生一系列转化，由图判断下列关系错误的是\(\rm{(A→F}\)从\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\)递增到\(\rm{\triangle H_{6})}\)

A．\(\rm{A→F}\) \(\rm{\triangle H=-\triangle H_{6}}\)

B．\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}+\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}+\triangle H_{6}=1}\)

C．\(\rm{C→F}\) \(\rm{|\triangle H|=|\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{6}|}\)

D．\(\rm{|\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}|=|\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}+\triangle H_{6}|}\)

难度：较易

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10．已知化学反应的热效应只与反应物的初始状态和生成物的最终状态有关，如图\(\rm{(}\)Ⅰ\(\rm{)}\)所示：\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}}\)，根据上述原理和图\(\rm{(}\)Ⅱ\(\rm{)}\)所示，判断各对应的反应热关系中不正确的是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{A→F\triangle H=-\triangle H_{6}}\)

B．\(\rm{A→D\triangle H=\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}}\)

C．\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}+\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}+\triangle H_{6}=0}\)

D．\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{6}=\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3}+\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}}\)

难度：较易

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