9.
碳、氮和铝的单质及其化合物在工农业生产和生活中有重要用途.
\(\rm{(1)}\)真空碳热还原\(\rm{-}\)氧化法可实现由铝矿制备金属铝,其相关的热化学方程式如下:
\(\rm{A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}O_{3}( }\)
\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{C}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{3}( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+3C(}\)
\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)═3A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{C}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+3CO(}\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H=}\)
\(\rm{ak}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\)
\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
\(\rm{3A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{C}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═2A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{( }\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)+A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{C}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{3}( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H=}\)
\(\rm{bk}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\)
\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
反应\(\rm{A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}O_{3}( }\)
\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+3C(}\)
\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)═2A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{( }\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)+3CO(}\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H= }\)______
\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\)
\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}(}\)用含
\(\rm{a}\)、
\(\rm{b}\)的代数式表示\(\rm{)}\);
\(\rm{(2)}\)用活性炭还原法可以处理氮氧化物\(\rm{.}\)某研究小组向某密闭容器中加入一定量的活性炭和\(\rm{NO}\),发生反应\(\rm{C( }\)
\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+2NO(}\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)⇌N_{2}(}\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+CO_{2}(}\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H=Q}\)
\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\)
\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}.}\)在\(\rm{T_{1}℃}\)时,反应进行到不同时间测得各物质的浓度如下:
| \(\rm{0}\) | \(\rm{10}\) | \(\rm{20}\) | \(\rm{30}\) | \(\rm{40}\) | \(\rm{50}\) |
\(\rm{NO}\) | \(\rm{1.00}\) | \(\rm{0.68}\) | \(\rm{0.50}\) | \(\rm{0.50}\) | \(\rm{0.60}\) | \(\rm{0.60}\) |
\(\rm{N_{2}}\) | \(\rm{0}\) | \(\rm{0.16}\) | \(\rm{0.25}\) | \(\rm{0.25}\) | \(\rm{0.30}\) | \(\rm{0.30}\) |
\(\rm{CO_{2}}\) | \(\rm{0}\) | \(\rm{0.16}\) | \(\rm{0.25}\) | \(\rm{0.25}\) | \(\rm{0.30}\) | \(\rm{0.30}\) |
\(\rm{①0~10}\)
\(\rm{min}\)内,\(\rm{NO}\)的平均反应速率
\(\rm{v}\)\(\rm{(NO)= }\)______,\(\rm{T_{1}℃}\)时,该反应的平衡常数\(\rm{K= }\)______.
\(\rm{②30}\)
\(\rm{min}\)后,只改变某一条件,反应重新达到平衡,根据上表中的数据判断改变的条件可能是______\(\rm{(}\)填字母编号\(\rm{)}\).
\(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{.}\)通入一定量的\(\rm{NO}\)
\(\rm{b}\)\(\rm{.}\)通入一定量的\(\rm{N_{2\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}\)
\(\rm{c}\)\(\rm{.}\)适当升高反应体系的温度
\(\rm{d}\)\(\rm{.}\)加入合适的催化剂
\(\rm{e}\)\(\rm{.}\)适当缩小容器的体积
\(\rm{③}\)在恒容条件下,能判断该反应一定达到化学平衡状态的依据是______\(\rm{ (}\)填选项编号\(\rm{)}\).
\(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{.}\)单位时间内生成\(\rm{2}\)
\(\rm{nmol}\)\(\rm{NO( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)}\)的同时消耗
\(\rm{nmol}\)\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)}\)
\(\rm{b}\)\(\rm{.}\)反应体系的压强不再发生改变
\(\rm{c}\)\(\rm{.}\)混合气体的密度保持不变
\(\rm{d}\)\(\rm{.}\)混合气体的平均相对分子质量保持不变
\(\rm{(3)}\)铝电池性能优越,\(\rm{A}\)
\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{-A}\)
\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}O}\)电池可用作水下动力电源,其原理如图所示 \(\rm{(Na[Al(OH)_{4}]}\)等同于\(\rm{NaAlO_{2})}\)
请写出该电池正极反应式______ ;
常温下,用该化学电源和惰性电极电解\(\rm{300}\)\(\rm{m}\)\(\rm{L}\)硫酸铜溶液\(\rm{(}\)过量\(\rm{)}\),消耗\(\rm{27}\)\(\rm{mg}\)\(\rm{A}\)\(\rm{l}\),则电解后溶液的\(\rm{p}\)\(\rm{H= }\)______\(\rm{(}\)不考虑溶液体积的变化\(\rm{)}\).