优优班--学霸训练营 > 知识点挑题
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            • 1.

              在\(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{1.01×{10}^{5}Pa }\)下,将\(\rm{22gC{O}_{2} }\)通入到\(\rm{750mL1.0mol⋅{L}^{−1} }\)的\(\rm{NaOH }\)溶液中充分反应,放出\(\rm{xkJ }\)的热量。在该条件下\(\rm{1molC{O}_{2} }\)通入到\(\rm{2L1.0mol⋅{L}^{−1} }\)的\(\rm{NaOH }\)溶液中充分反应,放出\(\rm{ykJ }\)热量,则\(\rm{C{O}_{2} }\)与\(\rm{NaOH }\)反应生成\(\rm{NaHC{O}_{3} }\)的热化学方程式为\(\rm{(}\)    \(\rm{)}\)


              A.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(2y−x)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)



              B.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(4x−y)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)



              C.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(2x−y)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)



              D.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(8x−2y)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)


            • 2.

              在同温同压下,硫燃烧的热化学方程式如下:

              \(\rm{① S ( g ) + O_{2\;}(g ) = SO_{2\;}( l );\triangle H_{1}= a KJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{② S ( g ) + O_{2}( g ) = SO_{2\;}( g );\triangle H_{2}= b KJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{③ S ( s ) + O_{2}( g ) = SO_{2\;}( g );\triangle H_{3}= c KJ·mol^{-1}}\),

              则\(\rm{a、b、c}\)的大小关系正确的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{a > b > c}\)
              B.\(\rm{a < b < c}\)
              C.\(\rm{b < c < a}\)
              D.\(\rm{b > c > a}\)
            • 3.

              已知:\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)}\)     \(\rm{ΔH=-393.5 kJ/mol}\);

              \(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)═2H_{2}O(g)}\)       \(\rm{ΔH=-483.6 kJ/mol}\)。

              现有\(\rm{0.2 mol}\)的炭粉和氢气组成的混合物在氧气中完全燃烧,共放出\(\rm{63.53 kJ}\)热量,则混合物中\(\rm{C}\)与\(\rm{H_{2}}\)的物质的量之比为\(\rm{(}\)      \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{1∶1}\)                 
              B.\(\rm{1∶2}\)            
              C.\(\rm{2∶3}\)                            
              D.\(\rm{3∶2}\)
            • 4.

              如图所示,\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=-393.5 kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\),\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}=-395.4 kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\),下列说法或表示式正确的是\(\rm{(}\)    \(\rm{)}\)


              A.\(\rm{C(s}\)、石墨\(\rm{)══ C(s}\)、金刚石\(\rm{) \triangle H═ +1.9 kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              B.石墨和金刚石的转化是物理变化
              C.金刚石的稳定性强于石墨
              D.\(\rm{1mol}\)石墨的总键能比\(\rm{1 mol}\)金刚石的总键能小\(\rm{1.9 kJ}\)
            • 5.
              在\(\rm{1200℃}\)时,天然气脱硫工艺中会发生下列反应:
              \(\rm{H_{2}S(g)+ \dfrac {3}{2}O_{2}(g)═SO_{2}(g)+H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{1}}\)
              \(\rm{2H_{2}S(g)+SO_{2}(g)═ \dfrac {3}{2}S_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{2}}\)
              \(\rm{H_{2}S(g)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)═S(g)+H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{3}}\)
              \(\rm{2S(g)═S_{2}(g)\triangle H_{4}}\)
              则\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}}\)的正确表达式为\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)
              A.\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {2}{3}(\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}-3\triangle H_{3})}\)
              B.\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {2}{3}(3\triangle H_{3}-\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{2})}\)
              C.\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {3}{2}(\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}-3\triangle H_{3})}\)
              D.\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {3}{2}(\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{2}-3\triangle H_{3})}\)
            • 6.

              根据碘与氢气反应的热化学方程式,下列判断正确的是(    )

              \(\rm{①I_{2}(g)+H_{2}(g)⇌ 2HI(g) Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-9.48 kJ·mol^{-}}\)

              \(\rm{②I_{2}(s)+H_{2}(g)⇌ 2HI(g) Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=+26.48 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              A.\(\rm{254 g I_{2}(g)}\)中通入\(\rm{2 g H_{2}(g)}\),反应放热\(\rm{9.48 kJ}\)
              B.当反应\(\rm{②}\)吸收\(\rm{52.96 kJ}\)热量时转移\(\rm{2 mol e^{-}}\)
              C.反应\(\rm{②}\)的反应物总能量比反应\(\rm{①}\)的反应物总能量低
              D.\(\rm{1 mol}\)固态碘与\(\rm{1 mol}\)气态碘所含能量相差\(\rm{17.00 kJ}\)
            • 7.

              用\(\rm{CH_{4}}\)催化还原\(\rm{NO}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{x}}\)可以消除氮氧化物的污染,如下式子所示;已知\(\rm{NO}\),\(\rm{NO2}\)混合气体的密度是相同条件下氢气密度的\(\rm{17}\)倍,\(\rm{16g}\)甲烷和该混合气体恰好完全反应生成\(\rm{N2}\)、\(\rm{CO2}\)、\(\rm{H2O(g)}\)放出\(\rm{1042.8kJ}\)的热量,则\(\rm{\triangle H1}\)是

              \(\rm{①CH_{4}(g)+4NO_{2}(g)=4NO(g)+CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)\triangle }\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{1}}\)

              \(\rm{②CH_{4}(g)+4NO(g)=2N_{2}(g)+CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)\triangle }\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}=-1160kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

              A.\(\rm{-574kJ⋅mol^{-1\;\;\;\;\;}}\)
              B.\(\rm{-691.2kJ⋅mol^{-1\;\;\;}}\)
              C.\(\rm{-867kJ⋅mol^{-1\;\;\;}}\)
              D.\(\rm{-925.6kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
            • 8.

              同温同压下,下列均为放热反应,下列各热化学方程式中热量数值最大的是

              A.\(\rm{2A ( g ) + B ( g ) = 2C ( l )}\)   \(\rm{\triangle H_{1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}\)
              B.\(\rm{2A ( g ) + B ( g ) = 2C (g )}\)    \(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\)
              C.\(\rm{2A ( l ) + B ( l ) = 2C (g )}\)     \(\rm{\triangle H_{3\;\;\;\;}}\)
              D.\(\rm{2A ( l ) + B ( l ) = 2C ( l )}\)     \(\rm{\triangle H_{4}}\)
            • 9.

              已知:

                 \(\rm{2CO(g)+O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g) Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-566 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

                 \(\rm{Na_{2}O_{2}(s)+CO_{2}(g)=}\) \(\rm{Na_{2}CO_{3}(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-226 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              根据以上热化学方程式和图像判断,下列说法正确的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{CO}\)的燃烧热为\(\rm{283 kJ}\)
              B.上图可表示由\(\rm{1 mol CO}\)生成\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)的反应过程和能量关系
              C.\(\rm{2Na_{2}O_{2}(s)+2CO_{2}(s)=2Na_{2}CO_{3}(s)+O_{2}(g)}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{ > -452 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.根据以上热化学方程式无法求算\(\rm{Na_{2}O_{2}(s)+CO(g)=Na_{2}CO_{3}(s)}\)的反应热
            • 10. 黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一,其爆炸的热化学方程式为S(s)+2KNO3(s)+3C(s)═K2S(s)+N2(g)+3CO2(g)△H=x kJ•mol-1
              已知的碳燃烧热△H1=a kJ•mol-1
              2K(s)+N2(g)+3O2(g)═2KNO3(s)△H2=c kJ•mol-1
              S(s)+2K(s)═K2S(s)△H3=b kJ•mol-1    
              则x为(  )
              A.3a+b-c
              B.3a-c+b
              C.a+b-c
              D.c-a-b
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