优优班--学霸训练营 > 知识点挑题
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            • 1.

              已知\(\rm{H_{2}(g)}\)、\(\rm{C_{2}H_{4}(g)}\)和\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(1)}\)的燃烧热分别是\(\rm{-285.8kJ·mol^{-1}}\)、\(\rm{-1411.0kJ·mol^{-1}}\)和\(\rm{-1366.8kJ·mol^{-1}}\),则由\(\rm{C}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{4}}\)\(\rm{(g)}\)和\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(l)}\)反应生成\(\rm{C}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{5}}\)\(\rm{OH(l)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为\(\rm{(}\)      \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{-44.2kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{+44.2kJ·mlo^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{-330kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{+330kJ·mlo^{-1}}\)
            • 2.

              在\(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{1.01×{10}^{5}Pa }\)下,将\(\rm{22gC{O}_{2} }\)通入到\(\rm{750mL1.0mol⋅{L}^{−1} }\)的\(\rm{NaOH }\)溶液中充分反应,放出\(\rm{xkJ }\)的热量。在该条件下\(\rm{1molC{O}_{2} }\)通入到\(\rm{2L1.0mol⋅{L}^{−1} }\)的\(\rm{NaOH }\)溶液中充分反应,放出\(\rm{ykJ }\)热量,则\(\rm{C{O}_{2} }\)与\(\rm{NaOH }\)反应生成\(\rm{NaHC{O}_{3} }\)的热化学方程式为\(\rm{(}\)    \(\rm{)}\)


              A.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(2y−x)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)



              B.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(4x−y)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)



              C.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(2x−y)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)



              D.\(\rm{C{O}_{2}(g)+NaOH(aq)=NaHC{O}_{3}(aq) }\) \(\rm{ΔH=−(8x−2y)kJ⋅mo{l}^{−1} }\)


            • 3.

              在同温同压下,硫燃烧的热化学方程式如下:

              \(\rm{① S ( g ) + O_{2\;}(g ) = SO_{2\;}( l );\triangle H_{1}= a KJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{② S ( g ) + O_{2}( g ) = SO_{2\;}( g );\triangle H_{2}= b KJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{③ S ( s ) + O_{2}( g ) = SO_{2\;}( g );\triangle H_{3}= c KJ·mol^{-1}}\),

              则\(\rm{a、b、c}\)的大小关系正确的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{a > b > c}\)
              B.\(\rm{a < b < c}\)
              C.\(\rm{b < c < a}\)
              D.\(\rm{b > c > a}\)
            • 4.

              已知\(\rm{H_{2}(g) + Br_{2}(l)}\)\(\rm{2HBr(g) Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{= -72 kJ/mol}\),蒸发\(\rm{1 mol Br_{2}(l)}\)需要吸收的能量为\(\rm{30 kJ}\),其他相关数据如表所示。

               

              \(\rm{H_{2}(g)}\)

              \(\rm{Br_{2}(g)}\)

              \(\rm{HBr(g)}\)

              \(\rm{1 mol}\)分子中化学键断裂时需要吸收的能量\(\rm{/kJ}\)

              \(\rm{436}\)

              \(\rm{a}\)

              \(\rm{369}\)

              则表中\(\rm{a}\)

              A.\(\rm{404}\)
              B.\(\rm{260}\)
              C.\(\rm{230}\)
              D.\(\rm{200}\)
            • 5.

              已知葡萄糖的燃烧热是\(\rm{2804KJ·mol^{-1}}\),当它被氧化生成\(\rm{1g}\)液态水时,放出的热量是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{26.0KJ}\)
              B.\(\rm{51.9KJ}\)
              C.\(\rm{155.8KJ}\)
              D.\(\rm{467.3KJ}\)
            • 6.

              已知:\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)}\)     \(\rm{ΔH=-393.5 kJ/mol}\);

              \(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)═2H_{2}O(g)}\)       \(\rm{ΔH=-483.6 kJ/mol}\)。

              现有\(\rm{0.2 mol}\)的炭粉和氢气组成的混合物在氧气中完全燃烧,共放出\(\rm{63.53 kJ}\)热量,则混合物中\(\rm{C}\)与\(\rm{H_{2}}\)的物质的量之比为\(\rm{(}\)      \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{1∶1}\)                 
              B.\(\rm{1∶2}\)            
              C.\(\rm{2∶3}\)                            
              D.\(\rm{3∶2}\)
            • 7.

              已知:\(\rm{C(s){+}\dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g){═}{CO}(g){\triangle }H_{1}{=-}110{.}5{kJ}{/}{mol}{CO}(g){+}\dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g){═}CO_{2}(g){\triangle }H_{2}{=-}283{.}0{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)则反应\(\rm{C(s){+}O_{2}(g){═}CO_{2}(g)}\)的反应热为\(\rm{({  })}\)

              A. \(\rm{172{.}5{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)
              B. \(\rm{{-}172{.}5{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)
              C. \(\rm{393{.}5{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)
              D. \(\rm{{-}393{.}5{kJ}{/}{mol}}\)
            • 8.

              已知\(\rm{H_{2}(g)}\)、\(\rm{C_{2}H_{4}(g)}\)和\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)}\)的燃烧热分别是\(\rm{285.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)、\(\rm{1 411.0 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)和\(\rm{1 366.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\),则由\(\rm{C_{2}H_{4}(g)}\)和\(\rm{H_{2}O(l)}\)反应生成\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)}\)的\(\rm{ΔH}\)为           \(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{-44.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)                    
              B.\(\rm{+44.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              C.\(\rm{-330 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{+330 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 9.

              如图所示,\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=-393.5 kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\),\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}=-395.4 kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\),下列说法或表示式正确的是\(\rm{(}\)    \(\rm{)}\)


              A.\(\rm{C(s}\)、石墨\(\rm{)══ C(s}\)、金刚石\(\rm{) \triangle H═ +1.9 kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              B.石墨和金刚石的转化是物理变化
              C.金刚石的稳定性强于石墨
              D.\(\rm{1mol}\)石墨的总键能比\(\rm{1 mol}\)金刚石的总键能小\(\rm{1.9 kJ}\)
            • 10.

              通过以下反应均可获取\(\rm{H_{2}}\)。下列有关说法不正确的是

              \(\rm{①}\) 太阳光催化分解水制氢:\(\rm{2H_{2}O(g)=2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g) \triangle H_{1}= +484.0kJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{②}\) 焦炭与水反应制氢:\(\rm{C(s)+H_{2}O(g)=CO(g)+H_{2}(g) \triangle H_{2}=+131.3kJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{③}\)甲烷与水反应制氢:\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+H_{2}O(g)= CO(g)+3H_{2}(g) \triangle H_{3}=+206.1kJ/mol}\)

              A.由反应\(\rm{①}\)知\(\rm{H_{2}}\)的燃烧热为\(\rm{242.0kJ/mol}\)
              B.反应\(\rm{②}\)中生成物的总能量高于反应物的总能量
              C.反应\(\rm{③}\)若改用新催化剂,\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}}\)不变化
              D.反应\(\rm{C(s)+2H_{2}(g)=CH_{4}(g)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H=-74.8kJ/mol}\)
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