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            • 1.

              已知葡萄糖的燃烧热是\(\rm{2804KJ·mol^{-1}}\),当它被氧化生成\(\rm{1g}\)液态水时,放出的热量是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{26.0KJ}\)
              B.\(\rm{51.9KJ}\)
              C.\(\rm{155.8KJ}\)
              D.\(\rm{467.3KJ}\)
            • 2.

              根据盖斯定律判断如图所示的物质转变过程中,\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\)、\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\)、\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}}\)、\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}}\)的正确关系是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)  

                

                                                           
              A.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{2}-\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{4}}\)
              B.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=\triangle H_{2}=\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{4}}\)
              C.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{2}-\triangle H_{4}}\) 

              D.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1} > \triangle H_{2} > \triangle H_{3} > \triangle H_{4}}\)
            • 3.

              甲醇质子交换膜燃料电池中将甲醇蒸气转化为氢气的两种反应原理是

              \(\rm{①CH_{3}OH(g)+H_{2}O(g)=CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}(g)}\)   \(\rm{\triangle H= +49.0 kJ·mol^{-1}}\) 

              \(\rm{②CH_{3}OH(g)+1/2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}(g)\triangle H= -192.9 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              根据上述反应,下列说法正确的是

              A.反应\(\rm{①}\)中的能量变化如图所示
              B.可推知\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2H_{2}O(g) \triangle H=-483.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{1 mol CH_{3}OH}\)充分燃烧放出的热量为\(\rm{192.9 kJ}\)
              D.\(\rm{CH_{3}OH}\)转变成\(\rm{H_{2}}\)的过程一定要吸收能量
            • 4.

              已知断裂\(\rm{1mol H(g)}\)中的\(\rm{H-H}\)键需要吸收\(\rm{436.4KJ}\)的能量,断裂\(\rm{1mol O(g)}\)中的共价键需要吸收\(\rm{498KJ}\)的能量,生成\(\rm{H_{2}O(g)}\)中的\(\rm{1mol H-O}\)键能放出\(\rm{462.8KJ}\)的能量。下列说法正确的是

              A.断裂\(\rm{1mol H_{2}O}\)中的化学键可放出\(\rm{925.6KJ}\)的能量

              B.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)═2H_{2}O(g)\triangle H=-480.4KJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

              C.\(\rm{2H_{2}O(l)═2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\triangle H=+471.6KJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

              D.\(\rm{H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g)═H_{2}O(l)\triangle H=-240.2KJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
            • 5.

              通过以下反应均可获取\(\rm{H_{2}}\)。下列有关说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)   \(\rm{)}\)

              \(\rm{①}\)太阳光催化分解水制氢:\(\rm{2H_{2}O(l)=2H_{2}(g)+ O_{2}(g) ΔH_{1}=+571.6kJ·mol^{–1}}\)

              \(\rm{②}\)焦炭与水反应制氢:\(\rm{C(s)+ H_{2}O(g) =CO(g)+ H_{2}(g)ΔH_{2}=+131.3kJ·mol^{–1}}\)

              \(\rm{③}\)甲烷与水反应制氢:\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+ H_{2}O(g)=CO(g)+3H_{2}(g)ΔH_{3}=+206.1kJ·mol^{–1}}\)

              A.反应\(\rm{①}\)中电能转化为化学能            

              B.反应\(\rm{②}\)为反应物能量总和大于生成物能最总和

              C.反应\(\rm{③}\)使用催化剂,\(\rm{ΔH_{3}}\)减小

              D.反应\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)=C(s)+2H_{2}(g)ΔH= +74.8kJ·mol^{–1}}\)
            • 6.

              科学家利用二氧化铈\(\rm{(CeO_{2})}\)在太阳能作用下将\(\rm{H_{2}O}\)、\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)转变成\(\rm{H_{2}}\)、\(\rm{CO}\),其过程如图所示。

              \(\rm{mCe{O}_{2} \xrightarrow[①]{太阳能}(m-x)Ce{O}_{2}·xCe+x{O}_{2} }\)

              \(\rm{(m-x)Ce{O}_{2}·xCe+x{H}_{2}O+xC{O}_{2} \xrightarrow[②]{{920}^{0}C}mCe{O}_{2}+x{H}_{2}+xCO }\)

              下列说法不正确的是

              A.该过程中\(\rm{CeO_{2}}\)作催化剂
              B.图中\(\rm{ΔH_{1}=-(ΔH_{2}+ΔH_{3})}\)
              C.加入催化剂,反应的焓变减小
              D.该过程实现了太阳能向化学能的转化
            • 7. 在\(\rm{298K}\)、\(\rm{1.01×10^{5}P}\) \(\rm{a}\)下,将\(\rm{22}\) \(\rm{g}\) \(\rm{CO_{2}}\)通入\(\rm{1}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{⋅L^{-1}N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH}\)溶液\(\rm{750}\) \(\rm{m}\)\(\rm{L}\)中充分反应,测得反应放出 \(\rm{x}\)  \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J}\)的热量\(\rm{.}\)已知该条件下,\(\rm{1}\) \(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{CO_{2}}\)通入\(\rm{2}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{⋅L^{-1}N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH}\)溶液\(\rm{1L}\)中充分反应放出 \(\rm{y}\)  \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J}\)的热量\(\rm{.}\)则\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)与\(\rm{N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH}\)溶液反应生成\(\rm{N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{HCO_{3}}\)的热化学方程式正确的(    )
              A.\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)=N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{HCO_{3}( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H= -(2}\) \(\rm{y}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{x}\)\(\rm{)}\) \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)=N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{HCO_{3}( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H=(4}\) \(\rm{x}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{y}\)\(\rm{)}\) \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)=N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{HCO_{3}( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H= -(4}\) \(\rm{x}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{y}\)\(\rm{)}\) \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{OH( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)=N}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{HCO_{3}( }\)\(\rm{aq}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H= -(8}\) \(\rm{x}\)\(\rm{-2}\) \(\rm{y}\)\(\rm{)}\) \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
            • 8. 黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一,其爆炸的热化学方程式为:\(\rm{S( }\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+2KNO_{3}(}\) \(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+3C(}\) \(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)═K_{2}S(}\) \(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+N_{2}(}\) \(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+3CO_{2}(}\) \(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H=}\) \(\rm{xk}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)已知:碳的燃烧热\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=}\) \(\rm{ak}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{S( }\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+2K(}\) \(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)═K_{2}S(}\) \(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{2}=}\) \(\rm{bk}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{2K( }\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+N_{2}(}\) \(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+3O_{2}(}\) \(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═2KNO_{3}(}\) \(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{3}=}\) \(\rm{ck}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\) \(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{x}\)为(    )
              A.\(\rm{c}\)\(\rm{-3}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{b}\)
              B.\(\rm{3}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{+}\) \(\rm{b}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{c}\)
              C.\(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{+}\) \(\rm{b}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{c}\)
              D.\(\rm{c}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{a}\)\(\rm{-}\) \(\rm{b}\)
            • 9.

              已知\(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{101 kPa}\)下,石墨、金刚石燃烧的热化学方程式分别为\(\rm{C(}\)石墨\(\rm{)+O_{2}(g)======CO_{2}(g)ΔH=-393.51 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{C(}\)金刚石\(\rm{)+O_{2}(g)======CO_{2}(g)ΔH=-395.41 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              据此判断,下列说法中正确的是\(\rm{(}\)   \(\rm{)}\)

              A.由石墨制备金刚石是吸热反应;石墨的能量比金刚石的低
              B.由石墨制备金刚石是吸热反应;石墨的能量比金刚石的高
              C.由石墨制备金刚石是放热反应;石墨的能量比金刚石的低
              D.由石墨制备金刚石是放热反应;石墨的能量比金刚石的高
            • 10.

              己知:\(\rm{NH_{3}·H_{2}O(aq)}\)与\(\rm{H_{2}SO_{4}(aq)}\)反应生成\(\rm{1 mol}\)正盐的\(\rm{Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-24.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\);强酸、强碱的稀溶液反      

              应的中和热的\(\rm{Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-57.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)。则\(\rm{NH_{3}·H_{2}O}\)在水溶液中电离的\(\rm{Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)等于\(\rm{(}\)   \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{-69.4 kJ·mol^{-1}}\) 
              B.\(\rm{+45.2 kJ·mol^{-1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}\)
              C.\(\rm{+69.4 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{-45.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
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