知识点挑题 - 高中化学 - 优优班--学霸训练营

\(\rm{SF_{6}}\)是一种优良的绝缘气体，分子结构中只存在\(\rm{S-F}\)键\(\rm{.}\)已知：\(\rm{1mol S(s)}\)转化为气态硫原子吸收能量\(\rm{280kJ}\)，断裂\(\rm{1molF-F}\)、\(\rm{S-F}\)键需吸收的能量分别为\(\rm{160kJ}\)、\(\rm{330kJ.}\)则\(\rm{S(s)+3F_{2}(g)═SF_{6}(g)}\)的反应热\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{-1780kJ/mol}\)

B．\(\rm{-1220}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

C．\(\rm{-450}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

D．\(\rm{+430}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

难度：中等

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3．

已知胆矾溶于水时溶液温度降低\(\rm{.}\)胆矾分解的热化学方程式为\(\rm{CuSO_{4}⋅5H_{2}O(s)═CuSO_{4}(s)+5H_{2}O(l)\triangle H=+Q_{1}}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}.}\)室温下，若\(\rm{1mol}\)无水硫酸铜溶解为溶液放热\(\rm{Q_{2}}\) \(\rm{kJ}\)，则\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{Q_{1} > Q_{2}}\)

B．\(\rm{Q_{1}=Q_{2}}\)

C．\(\rm{Q_{1} < Q_{2}}\)

D．无法比较

难度：中等

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4．

已知：\(\rm{(1)Zn(s)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)═ZnO(s)}\)，\(\rm{\triangle H=-348.3kJ/mol}\)
\(\rm{(2)2Ag(s)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)═Ag_{2}O(s)}\)，\(\rm{\triangle H=-31.0kJ/mol}\)
则\(\rm{Zn(s)+Ag_{2}O(s)═ZnO(s)+2Ag(s)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)等于\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{-317.3kJ/mol}\)

B．\(\rm{-379.3kJ/mol}\)

C．\(\rm{-332.8kJ/mol}\)

D．\(\rm{+317.3}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

难度：较易

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5．

下列与化学反应能量变化相关的叙述正确的是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．生成物总能量一定低于反应物总能量

B．放热反应的反应速率总是大于吸热反应的反应速率

C．应用盖斯定律，可计算某些难以直接测量的反应焓变

D．同温同压下，\(\rm{H_{2}(g)+Cl_{2}(g)═2HCl(g)}\)在光照和点燃条件下的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)不同

难度：易

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6．

在\(\rm{1200℃}\)时，天然气脱硫工艺中会发生下列反应
\(\rm{H_{2}S(g)+ \dfrac {3}{2}O_{2}(g)═SO_{2}(g)+H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{1}2H_{2}S(g)+SO_{2}(g)═ \dfrac {3}{2}S_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{2}}\)
\(\rm{2H_{2}S(g)+O_{2}(g)═2}\) \(\rm{S(g)+2H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{3}2S(g)═S_{2}(g)\triangle H_{4}}\)
则\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}}\)的正确表达式为\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {2}{3}}\) \(\rm{(3\triangle H_{3}-\triangle H_{1})-\triangle H_{2}}\)

B．\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {2}{3}}\) \(\rm{(\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2})+\triangle H_{3}}\)

C．\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {2}{3}}\) \(\rm{(\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2})-\triangle H_{3}}\)

D．\(\rm{\triangle H_{4}= \dfrac {2}{3}}\) \(\rm{(\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{2})-\triangle H_{3}}\)

难度：中等

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7．

已知：\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{1}}\)
\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{2}}\)
\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)═CH_{3}OH(l)\triangle H_{3}}\)
\(\rm{H_{2}O(g)═H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{4}}\)
\(\rm{CH_{3}OH(l)+ \dfrac {3}{2}O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{5}}\)
下列关于上述反应焓变的判断不正确的是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{\triangle H_{1} > \triangle H_{2}}\)

B．\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}=\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{4}}\)

C．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{2}-\triangle H_{5}}\)

D．\(\rm{\triangle H_{4} < 0}\)

难度：较易

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8．

在\(\rm{298K}\)、\(\rm{100kPa}\)时，已知：
\(\rm{2H_{2}O(g)═2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\triangle H_{1}}\)
\(\rm{H_{2}(g)+Cl_{2}(g)═2HCl(g)\triangle H_{2}}\)
\(\rm{2Cl_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)═4HCl(g)+O_{2}(g)\triangle H_{3}}\)
则\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}}\)与\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\)和\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\)间的关系正确的是\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}+2\triangle H_{2}}\)

B．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2}}\)

C．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}-2\triangle H_{2}}\)

D．\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{1}-\triangle H_{2}}\)

难度：较易

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9．

已知：\(\rm{(1)Zn(s)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)=ZnO(s)}\)，\(\rm{\triangle H=-350kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)，
\(\rm{(2)2Ag(s)+ \dfrac {1}{2}O_{2}(g)=Ag_{2}O(s)}\)，\(\rm{\triangle H=-25kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)，
则\(\rm{Zn(s)+Ag_{2}O(s)=ZnO(s)+2Ag(s)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)等于\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{-375}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

B．\(\rm{-325}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

C．\(\rm{+375}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

D．\(\rm{+325}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)

难度：易

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10．

已知下列热化学方程式：
\(\rm{(1)CH_{3}COOH(l)+2O_{2}(g)═2CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{1}=-870.3kJ/mol}\)
\(\rm{(2)C(s)+O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)\triangle H_{2}=-393.5kJ/mol}\)
\(\rm{(3)H_{2}(g)+1/2O_{2}(g)═H_{2}O(l)\triangle H_{3}=-285.8kJ/mol}\)
则反应\(\rm{2C(s)+2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)═CH_{3}COOH(l)}\)的焓变为\(\rm{(}\)　　\(\rm{)}\)

A．\(\rm{-488.3}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

B．\(\rm{-244.15}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

C．\(\rm{488.3}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

D．\(\rm{244.15}\) \(\rm{kJ/mol}\)

难度：较易

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