优优班--学霸训练营 > 知识点挑题
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            • 1.

              已知下列热化学方程式:

                  \(\rm{①Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)+3CO(g)=2Fe(s)+3CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-24.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\);

                  \(\rm{②3Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)+CO(g)=2Fe_{3}O_{4}(s)+CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-47.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\);

                  \(\rm{③Fe_{3}O_{4}(s)+CO(g)=3FeO(s)+CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=+640.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)。

                  则\(\rm{28 g CO}\)气体与足量\(\rm{FeO}\)充分反应得到\(\rm{Fe}\)单质和\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)气体时的反应热为(    )

              A.\(\rm{-109 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{-218 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{+109 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{+218 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 2.

              \(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{101kPa}\)时,有以下能量转化图,下列说法不正确的是(    )


              A.转化Ⅱ的热化学方程式\(\rm{2CO(g)+O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)}\) \(\rm{\triangle H=-282.9}\) \(\rm{kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.相同条件下,\(\rm{1mol}\) \(\rm{C(s)}\)和\(\rm{0.5}\) \(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{O_{2}(g)}\)总能量高于\(\rm{1mol}\) \(\rm{CO(g)}\)的能量
              C.由\(\rm{C→CO}\) 的热化学方程式\(\rm{2C(s)+O_{2}(g)=2CO(g)}\) \(\rm{\triangle H=-221.2}\) \(\rm{kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{CO_{2}(g)}\)分解为\(\rm{C(s)}\)和\(\rm{O_{2}(g)}\)是吸热反应
            • 3.

              已知:\(\rm{①H_{2}O(g)=H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{1}=-Q_{1}kJ/mol}\),

              \(\rm{②C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)=C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{2}=-Q_{2}kJ/mol}\),

              \(\rm{③C_{2}H_{5}OH(g)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3}=-Q_{3}kJ/mol}\)。

              则表示酒精燃烧热的热化学方程式是

              A.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l) ΔH=-(Q_{1}-Q_{2}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)

              B.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-(3Q_{1}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)

              C.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-(3Q_{1}-Q_{2}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)

              D.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-(3Q_{1}-Q_{2}+Q_{3}) kJ/mol}\)
            • 4.

              室温下,将\(\rm{1mol}\)的\(\rm{CuSO_{4}·5H_{2}O(s)}\)溶于水会使溶液温度降低,热效应为\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\),将\(\rm{1mol}\)的\(\rm{CuSO_{4}(s)}\)溶于水会使溶液温度升高,热效应为\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\);\(\rm{CuSO_{4}·5H_{2}O}\)受热分解的化学方程式为:\(\rm{CuSO_{4}·5H_{2}O(s)\overset{∆}{=} cCuSO_{4}(s)+5H_{2}O(l)}\), 热效应为\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}}\)。下列判断正确的是

              A.\(\rm{\triangle H_{2} > \triangle H_{3}}\)
              B.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1} < \triangle H_{3}}\)
              C.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{2}}\)
              D.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}+\triangle H_{2} > \triangle H_{3}}\)
            • 5.

              已知:\(\rm{①C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s)=2C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+2CO_{2}(g)}\)      \(\rm{ΔH_{1}}\)

              \(\rm{②6CO_{2}(g)+6H_{2}O(g)=C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s)+6O_{2}(g)}\)     \(\rm{ΔH_{2}}\)

              \(\rm{③2H_{2}O(g)=2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)}\)         \(\rm{ΔH_{3}}\)

              \(\rm{④2CO_{2}(g)+6H_{2}(g)=C_{2}H_{5}OH(l)+3H_{2}O(g)}\)    \(\rm{ΔH_{4}}\)

              下列有关说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{H_{2}}\)的燃烧热为\(\rm{ΔH_{3}/2}\)

              B.反应\(\rm{①}\)使用催化剂,\(\rm{ΔH_{1}}\)将减小

              C.标准状况下,反应\(\rm{②}\)生成\(\rm{1.12 L O_{2}}\),转移的电子数为\(\rm{0.1×6.02×10^{23}}\)

              D.\(\rm{2ΔH_{4}=ΔH_{1}+ΔH_{2}-6ΔH_{3}}\)
            • 6. 已知:\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{1\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}CO_{2}(g)+C(s)=2CO(g)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\) \(\rm{2CO(g)+O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{3\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}4Fe(s)+3O_{2}(g)=2Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)}\)  \(\rm{\triangle H_{4}}\)

              \(\rm{3 CO(g)+Fe_{2}O_{3}(s)=3CO_{2}(g)+2Fe(s)}\)   \(\rm{\triangle H_{5}}\)

              下列关于上述反应焓变的判断正确的是

              A.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1} > 0}\),\(\rm{\triangle H_{3} < 0}\)         
              B.\(\rm{\triangle H_{2} > 0}\),\(\rm{\triangle H_{4} > 0}\)
              C.\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=\triangle H_{2}+\triangle H_{3\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}}\)
              D.\(\rm{\triangle H_{3}=\triangle H_{4}+\triangle H_{5}}\)
            • 7. 已知:\(\rm{(1)Zn(s){+}\dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g){=}ZnO(s){,\triangle }H{=}{-}348{.}3kJ{/}mol(2)Zn(s){+}Ag_{2}O(s){=}ZnO(s){+}2Ag(s){,\triangle }H{=}{-}317{.}3kJ{/}mol}\)

              则\(\rm{2Ag(s){+}\dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g){=}Ag_{2}O(s)}\)的\(\rm{{\triangle }H}\)等于\(\rm{({  })}\)
              A.\(\rm{31{.}0kJ{/}mol}\)
              B.\(\rm{{-}665{.}6kJ{/}mol}\)
              C.\(\rm{332{.}8}\) \(\rm{kJ{/}mol}\)
              D.\(\rm{{-}31{.}0}\) \(\rm{kJ{/}mol}\)
            • 8.

              \(\rm{S(}\)单斜\(\rm{)}\)和\(\rm{S(}\)正交\(\rm{)}\)是硫的两种同素异形体。

              已知:\(\rm{①S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)+O_{2}(g)═══SO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH_{1}=-297.16 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{②S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)+O_{2}(g)═══SO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH_{2}=-296.83 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{③S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)═══S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3}}\)

              下列说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{ΔH_{3}=+0.33 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              B.单斜硫转化为正交硫的反应是吸热反应

              C.\(\rm{S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)═══S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3} < 0}\),正交硫比单斜硫稳定

              D.\(\rm{S(}\)单斜,\(\rm{s)═══S(}\)正交,\(\rm{s)}\) \(\rm{ΔH_{3} > 0}\),单斜硫比正交硫稳定
            • 9.

              黑火药是中国古代的四大发明之一,其爆炸的热化学方程式为:\(\rm{S(s){+}2KNO_{3}(s){+}3C(s){=}K_{2}S(s){+}N_{2}(g){+}3CO_{2}(g){\triangle }H{=}x}\) \(\rm{kJ{⋅}mol^{{-}1}.}\)已知:碳的燃烧热\(\rm{{\triangle }H_{1}{=}a}\) \(\rm{kJ{⋅}mol^{{-}1}}\)    \(\rm{S(s){+}2K(s){=}K_{2}S(s){\triangle }H_{2}{=}b}\) \(\rm{kJ{⋅}mol^{{-}1}2K(s){+}N_{2}(g){+}3O_{2}(g){=}2KNO_{3}(s){\triangle }H_{3}{=}ckJ{⋅}mol^{{-}1}}\),则\(\rm{X}\)为\(\rm{({  })}\)

              A.\(\rm{3a-b-c}\)                     
              B.\(\rm{3a+b-c}\)                    
              C.\(\rm{a{+}b{-}c}\)
              D.\(\rm{c{-}a{-}b}\)
            • 10.

              已知\(\rm{H_{2}(g)}\)、\(\rm{C_{2}H_{4}(g)}\)和\(\rm{C_{2}H_{5}OH(1)}\)的燃烧热分别是\(\rm{-285.8kJ·mol^{-1}}\)、\(\rm{-1411.0kJ·mol^{-1}}\)和\(\rm{-1366.8kJ·mol^{-1}}\),则由\(\rm{C}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{4}}\)\(\rm{(g)}\)和\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(l)}\)反应生成\(\rm{C}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{5}}\)\(\rm{OH(l)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为\(\rm{(}\)      \(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{-44.2kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{+44.2kJ·mlo^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{-330kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{+330kJ·mlo^{-1}}\)
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