优优班--学霸训练营 > 知识点挑题
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            • 1. 下列选项能说明乙醇作为燃料的优点的是(    )

              \(\rm{①}\)燃烧时发生氧化反应 \(\rm{②}\)充分燃烧的产物不污染环境 \(\rm{③}\)乙醇是一种再生能源 \(\rm{④}\)燃烧时放出大量热量
              A.\(\rm{①②③}\)
              B.\(\rm{①②④}\)
              C.\(\rm{①③④}\)
              D.\(\rm{②③④}\)
            • 2.

              下列描述中,正确的是(    )

              A.由\(\rm{\;C{H}_{3}C{H}_{2}OH(l)+3{O}_{2}(g)\;=2C{O}_{2}(g)+3{H}_{2}O(g)\;∆H=-1366.8\;kJ⋅mo{l}^{-}1 }\),可知乙醇的标准燃烧热为\(\rm{1366.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.已知:\(\rm{C(}\)金刚石,\(\rm{s)=C(}\)石墨,\(\rm{s)ΔH < 0}\),则金刚石比石墨稳定
              C.已知:\(\rm{N_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2NO(g)ΔH=+180 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)\(\rm{2CO(g)+O}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)=2CO}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)Δ H=-566 kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)则 \(\rm{2CO(g)+2NO(g)═══N}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)+2CO}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)ΔH=-746 kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{OH^{-}(aq)+H^{+}(aq)═══H_{2}O(l)}\)     \(\rm{ΔH=-57.3 kJ·mol^{-1\;}}\)故\(\rm{1mol}\)醋酸和\(\rm{1molNaOH}\)完全反应,放出的热量一定为\(\rm{57.3KJ}\)
            • 3.
              依据如图判断,下列说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)
              A.氢气的燃烧热\(\rm{\triangle H=-241.8}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{2}\) \(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{H_{2}(g)}\)与\(\rm{1}\) \(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{O_{2}(g)}\)所具有的总能量比\(\rm{2}\) \(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{H_{2}O(g)}\) 所具有的总能量低
              C.液态水分解的热化学方程式为:\(\rm{2H_{2}O(l)=2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)\triangle H=+571.6}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{H_{2}O(g)}\)生成\(\rm{H_{2}O(l)}\)时,断键吸收的能量小于成键放出的能量
            • 4.

              已知:\(\rm{①H_{2}(g)+1/2O_{2}(g) =H_{2}O(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH =-241.8 kJ·mol^{-}}\)\(\rm{②H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)+1/2O}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g) =H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(l)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH =-285.8 kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1,}}\)下列说法不正确的是:\(\rm{{\,\!}}\)

              气态分子中的化学键

              断开\(\rm{1mol}\)化学键所需的能量\(\rm{/kJ}\)

              \(\rm{O—H}\)

              \(\rm{463}\)

              \(\rm{O=O}\)

              \(\rm{498}\)


              A.氢气的燃烧热是\(\rm{ΔH =-241.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.断开\(\rm{1mol H-H}\)键需要吸收\(\rm{435.2 kJ}\)的能量
              C.相同条件下,\(\rm{1 mol H_{2}O(g)}\)比\(\rm{1 mol H_{2}O(l)}\)能量高
              D.\(\rm{18 g H_{2}O(l)}\)完全分解生成氢气和氧气,需要吸收\(\rm{285.8 kJ}\)的能量
            • 5.

              \(\rm{(1)}\)下列\(\rm{ΔH}\)表示物质标准燃烧热的是_______________。

              A.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2H_{2}O(l) ΔH_{1}}\)

              B.\(\rm{C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)=CO(g) ΔH_{2}}\)

              C.\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g) ΔH_{3}}\)

              D.\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g) ΔH_{4}}\)

              E.\(\rm{C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s)+6O_{2}(g)=6CO_{2}(g)+6H_{2}O(l) ΔH_{5}}\)

              \(\rm{(2)2.00 gC_{2}H_{2}}\)气体完全燃烧生成液态水和\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)气体,放出\(\rm{99.6 kJ}\)的热量,写出该反应的热化学方程式:                                     

              \(\rm{(3)}\)已知\(\rm{298K}\)时\(\rm{2C(s)+O_{2}(g)=2CO(g)}\);\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}=-221.0kJ·mol^{-1}}\)    \(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)}\);\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}=-393.5kJ·mol^{-1}}\), 则\(\rm{298K}\)时\(\rm{CO(g)}\)在\(\rm{O_{2}(g)}\)中燃烧生成\(\rm{CO_{2}(g)}\)的热化学反应方程式为:                                                    

            • 6.

              在\(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{101kPa}\)下,碳、氢气、甲烷和葡萄糖的燃烧热依次是\(\rm{393.5kJ/mol}\)、\(\rm{285.8kJ/mol}\)、\(\rm{890.3kJ/mol}\)、\(\rm{2800kJ/mol}\),则下列热化学方程式正确的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g)=CO(g)}\)                    \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=―393.5 kJ/mol}\)

              B.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2H_{2}O(l)}\)                   \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{= +571.6 kJ/mol}\)

              C.\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)}\)          \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=―890.3 kJ/mol}\)

              D.\(\rm{C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s) +6O_{2}(g)=6CO_{2}(g)+6H_{2}O(l)}\)      \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=―2800 kJ/mol}\)
            • 7. 下列图示关系不正确的是
              A.              
              B.  
              C.
              D.
            • 8.
              已知:
              \(\rm{①N_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2NO(g)\triangle H_{1}=+180kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{②N_{2}(g)+3H_{2}(g)⇌2NH_{3}(g)\triangle H_{2}=-92.4kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{③2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2H_{2}O(g)\triangle H_{3}=-483.6kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              下列说法正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)
              A.反应\(\rm{②}\)中的能量变化如图所示,则\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}=E_{1}-E}\)3
              B.\(\rm{N_{2}}\)的燃烧热为\(\rm{180}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
              C.由反应\(\rm{②}\)知在温度一定的条件下,在一恒容密闭容器中通入\(\rm{1molN_{2}}\)和\(\rm{3molH_{2}}\),反应后放出的热量为\(\rm{Q_{1}kJ}\),则\(\rm{Q_{1}=92.4}\)
              D.氨的催化氧化反应为\(\rm{4NH_{3}(g)+5O_{2}(g)=4NO(g)+6H_{2}O(g)\triangle H=-906}\) \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
            • 9.

              Ⅰ\(\rm{.}\)已知下列热化学方程式:

              \(\rm{①H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g)=H_{2}O(l) ΔH=-285.8 kJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{②H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g)=H_{2}O(g) ΔH=-241.8 kJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{③CO(g)=C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(g) ΔH=+110.5 kJ/mol}\)

              \(\rm{④C(s)+O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g) ΔH=-393.5 kJ/mol}\)

              回答下列问题:

              \(\rm{(1)}\)上述反应中属于放热反应的是________\(\rm{(}\)填序号\(\rm{)}\)。

              \(\rm{(2)H_{2}}\)的燃烧热\(\rm{ΔH=}\)________。

              \(\rm{(3)}\)燃烧\(\rm{10 g H_{2}}\)生成液态水,放出的热量为________。

              \(\rm{(4)}\)表示\(\rm{CO}\)燃烧热的热化学方程式为______________________________。


              Ⅱ\(\rm{.}\)已知:

              \(\rm{①P_{4}(s}\),白磷\(\rm{)+5O_{2}(g)=P_{4}O_{10}(s)}\)

              \(\rm{ΔH=-2 983.2 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{②P(s}\),红磷\(\rm{)+ \dfrac{5}{4} O_{2}(g)= \dfrac{1}{4} P_{4}O_{10}(s)}\)

              \(\rm{ΔH=-738.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              写出白磷转化为红磷的热化学方程式:________________________________。

              Ⅲ按要求完成下列填空:
              \(\rm{①}\)乙烯\(\rm{(C_{2}H_{4})}\)气体与氧气反应生成\(\rm{1}\) \(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{H_{2}O( }\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)}\)和\(\rm{CO_{2}( }\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)}\),放出\(\rm{705.5}\) \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J}\)热量,其热化学方程式是                           
              \(\rm{②}\)已知下列热化学方程式:

              \(\rm{(1)CH_{3}COOH(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)+2O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═2CO_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+2H_{2}O(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{1}=-870.3}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J/}\)\(\rm{mol}\)

              \(\rm{(2)C(}\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═CO_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{2}=-393.5}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J/}\)\(\rm{mol}\)

              \(\rm{(3)H_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+ \dfrac{1}{2} O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═H_{2}O(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)\triangle H_{3}=-285.8}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J/}\)\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{.}\)则反应\(\rm{2C(}\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)+2H_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)+O_{2}(}\)\(\rm{g}\)\(\rm{)═CH_{3}COOH(}\)\(\rm{l}\)\(\rm{)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)为      \(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J⋅}\)\(\rm{mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{③1}\)\(\rm{mol}\) \(\rm{CO}\)还原适量\(\rm{F}\)\(\rm{e}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}O_{3}}\)固体生成\(\rm{F}\)\(\rm{e}\)\(\rm{(}\)\(\rm{s}\)\(\rm{)}\),放出\(\rm{8.2}\)\(\rm{k}\)\(\rm{J}\) 热量,其热化学方程式是                               

            • 10.

              下列各组物质的燃烧热相等的是(    )

              A.石墨和金刚石  
              B.\(\rm{1g H_{2}}\)和\(\rm{2g H_{2\;\;\;\;}}\)
              C.\(\rm{C_{2}H_{2}}\)和苯      
              D.气态乙醇和液态乙醇
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