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            • 1.

              下列说法正确的是

              A.\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)}\);\(\rm{\triangle H=-890.3 kJ⋅mol^{-1}(}\)燃烧热\(\rm{)}\)

              B.同温同压下,反应\(\rm{H_{2}(g)+Cl_{2}(g)=2HCl(g)}\)在光照和点燃条件下的\(\rm{\triangle H}\)不同

              C.\(\rm{CaCO_{3}(s)=CaO(s)+CO_{2}(g)}\)室温下不能自发进行,该反应的\(\rm{\triangle H > 0}\)

              D.已知:\(\rm{2C(s)+2O_{2}(g)=2CO_{2}(g) \triangle H_{1}}\);\(\rm{2C(s)+O_{2}(g)=2CO(g) \triangle H_{2}}\);则\(\rm{\triangle H_{1} < \triangle H_{2}}\)
            • 2. 已知\(\rm{CH_{3}OH(l)}\)的燃烧热为\(\rm{-726kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\),对于反应\(\rm{2CH_{3}OH(l)+3O_{2}(g)═2CO_{2}(g)+4H_{2}O(}\)?\(\rm{)\triangle H=-1452kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)中水的状态判断正确的是\(\rm{(}\)  \(\rm{)}\)
              A.气态
              B.液态
              C.固态
              D.无法判断
            • 3.

              下列热化学方程式中,\(\rm{ΔH}\)能正确表示物质的燃烧热的是

              A.\(\rm{2CO(g)+O_{2}(g)═2CO_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-566.0 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}{O}_{2}(g)=CO(g) }\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-110.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(l)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-890.31 kJ·mal^{-1}}\)
              D.\(\rm{{H}_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2}{O}_{2}(g)={H}_{2}O(g) }\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-242.0 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 4.

              以下几个热化学方程式,哪个是表示碳或氢气燃烧热的 (    )

              A.\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)═CO(g) ΔH═110.5 kJ/mol}\)
              B.\(\rm{C(s)+O_{2}(g)═CO_{2}(g) ΔH=-393.5 kJ/mol}\)
              C.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)═2 H_{2}O(l)ΔH=-571.6 kJ/mol}\)
              D.\(\rm{H_{2} (g)+O_{2} (g)═ H_{2}O(g)ΔH=-241.8 kJ/mol}\)            
            • 5. 已知反应:
              \(\rm{①101kPa}\)时,\(\rm{2C(s)+O}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)═2CO(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-221kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{{\,\!}}\)\(\rm{②}\)稀溶液中,\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{+}}\)\(\rm{(aq)+OH}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-}}\)\(\rm{(aq)═H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-57.3kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)
              \(\rm{{\,\!}}\)\(\rm{③H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)+}\)\(\rm{ \dfrac{1}{2}}\)\(\rm{O}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{(g)═H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(g)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-241.8kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{{\,\!}}\)\(\rm{④H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(g)═H}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}_{2}}\)\(\rm{O(l)}\) \(\rm{ΔH=-44.0kJ·mol}\)\(\rm{{\,\!}^{-1}}\)

              下列结论正确的是(    )

              A.碳的燃烧热大于\(\rm{110.5kJ·mol^{-1\;\;\;\;\;}}\)

              B.浓硫酸与稀\(\rm{NaOH}\)溶液反应生成\(\rm{1mol}\)水,放出\(\rm{57.3kJ}\) 热量

              C.氢气的燃烧热为\(\rm{241.8kJ·mol^{-1\;\;\;\;\;\;}}\)

              D.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)═2H_{2}O(l)}\)的反应热为\(\rm{ΔH=—571.6kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 6.

              已知:\(\rm{H_{2}O(l)=H_{2}O(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=+Q_{1} kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{2H_{2}O(g)=2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=+Q_{2} kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              \(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(l)}\)  \(\rm{ΔH=-Q_{3} kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

              则\(\rm{H_{2}}\)和\(\rm{CH_{4}}\)的燃烧热的比值为

              A.\(\rm{\dfrac{{{Q}_{1}}-{{Q}_{2}}}{{{Q}_{3}}-2{{Q}_{1}}}}\)
              B.\(\rm{\dfrac{{{Q}_{2}}-2{{Q}_{1}}}{2{{Q}_{3}}}}\)
              C.\(\rm{\dfrac{2{{Q}_{1}}+{{Q}_{2}}}{2{{Q}_{3}}}}\)
              D.\(\rm{\dfrac{{{Q}_{1}}+{{Q}_{2}}}{2{{Q}_{1}}+{{Q}_{3}}}}\)
            • 7.

              \(\rm{25℃}\)、\(\rm{101 kPa}\)下,碳、氢气、甲烷和葡萄糖的燃烧热依次是\(\rm{-393.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)、\(\rm{-285.8 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)、\(\rm{-890.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)、\(\rm{-2800 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)。则下列热化学方程式正确的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)=CO(g) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-393.5 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              B.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2H_{2}O(l) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=+571.6 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              C.\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-890.3 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
              D. \(\rm{ \dfrac{1}{2}C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}(s)+3O_{2}(g)=3CO_{2}(g)+3H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-1 400 kJ·mol^{-1}}\)
            • 8.

              下列热化学方程式中,\(\rm{Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)能正确表示物质的燃烧热的是(    )

              A.\(\rm{CO(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)===CO_{2}(g) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-283. 0 kJ/mol}\)
              B.\(\rm{C(s)+ \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)===CO(g) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-110.5 kJ/mol}\)
              C.\(\rm{H_{2}(g)+ \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)===H_{2}O(g) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-241.8 kJ/mol}\)
              D.\(\rm{2C_{8}H_{18}(l)+25O_{2}(g)===16CO_{2}(g)+18H_{2}O(l) Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-11 036 kJ/mol}\)
            • 9.

              \(\rm{(1)}\)已知乙烷、二甲醚的燃烧热较大,可用作燃料。如图是乙烷、二甲醚燃烧过程中的能量变化图。


              二甲醚的燃烧热\(\rm{Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=}\)   

              \(\rm{(2)}\)脱去冶金工业排放烟气中\(\rm{SO_{2}}\)的方法有多种。其一是热解气还原法。已知\(\rm{CO}\)还原\(\rm{SO_{2}}\)生成\(\rm{S(g)}\)和\(\rm{CO_{2}}\)过程中,每转移\(\rm{1mol}\)电子需吸收\(\rm{2.0}\) \(\rm{kJ}\)的热量,则该反应的热化学方程式为                       

              \(\rm{(3)}\)已知\(\rm{C(s)+H_{2}O(g)=CO(g)+H_{2}(g) ΔH_{1}=akJ·mol^{-1}}\)

                      \(\rm{2C(s)+O_{2}(g)=2CO(g) ΔH_{2}=-220kJ·mol^{-1}}\)

                      \(\rm{H-H}\)、\(\rm{O=O}\)和\(\rm{O-H}\)键的键能分别约为\(\rm{430}\)、\(\rm{500}\)和\(\rm{460kJ·mol^{-1}}\),则\(\rm{a}\)为     

              \(\rm{(4)①1/4CaSO_{4}(s)+CO(g)⇌ 1/4CaS(s)+CO_{2}(g)\triangle H_{1}=-50 kJ/mol}\)

                       \(\rm{②CaSO_{4}(s)+CO(g)⇌ CaO(s)+ CO_{2}(g)+ SO_{2}(g)\triangle H_{2}= +210 kJ/mol}\)

                       \(\rm{③CO(g)⇌ 1/2C(s)+1/2CO_{2}(g)\triangle H_{3}=-90 kJ/mol}\)

              反应\(\rm{2 CaSO_{4}(s)+7CO(g)⇌ CaS(s)+CaO(s)+C(s)+6CO_{2}(g)+SO_{2}(g)}\)的\(\rm{\triangle H=}\)                       

              \(\rm{(5)}\)用\(\rm{O_{2}}\)将\(\rm{HCl}\)转化为\(\rm{Cl_{2}}\),可提高效益,减少污染,传统上该转化通过如下图所示的催化剂循环实现,

              其中,反应\(\rm{I}\)为:\(\rm{2HCl(g) + CuO(s)}\) \(\rm{⇌ H_{2}O(g)+CuCl_{2}(g)}\) \(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\)反应\(\rm{II}\)生成\(\rm{1molCl_{2}(g)}\)的反应热为\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\),则\(\rm{O_{2}}\)将\(\rm{HCl}\)转化为\(\rm{Cl_{2}}\)的热化学方程式为                                  \(\rm{(}\)反应热用\(\rm{\triangle H_{1}}\)和\(\rm{\triangle H_{2}}\)表示\(\rm{)}\)。

            • 10.

              下列热化学方程式正确的是\(\rm{(Δ}\)\(\rm{H}\)的绝对值均正确\(\rm{)}\)

              A.\(\rm{CH_{4}(g)+2O_{2}(g)=CO_{2}(g)+2H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-890.3 kJ·mol^{-1}(}\)燃烧热\(\rm{)}\)
              B.\(\rm{OH^{-}(aq)+H^{+}(aq)=H_{2}O(l)}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=+57.3 kJ·mol^{-1}(}\)中和热\(\rm{)}\)
              C.\(\rm{2H_{2}(g)+O_{2}(g)=2H_{2}O(g)}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=-483.6 kJ·mol^{-1}(}\)反应热\(\rm{)}\)
              D.\(\rm{2NO_{2}=O_{2}+2NO}\) \(\rm{Δ}\) \(\rm{H}\)\(\rm{=+116.2 kJ·mol^{-1}(}\)反应热\(\rm{)}\)
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