碳及其化合物有广泛的用途.
\(\rm{(1)}\)反应\(\rm{C(s)+H_{2}O(g)⇌CO(g)+H_{2}(g)\triangle H=+131.3kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\),达到平衡后,体积不变时,以下有利于提高\(\rm{H_{2}}\)产率的措施是 ______ .
A.增加碳的用量 \(\rm{B.}\)升高温度
C.用\(\rm{CO}\)吸收剂除去\(\rm{CO}\) \(\rm{D.}\)加入催化剂
\(\rm{(2)}\)已知,\(\rm{C(s)+CO_{2}(g)⇌2CO(g)\triangle H=+172.5kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\)
则反应 \(\rm{CO(g)+H_{2}O(g)⇌CO_{2}(g)+H_{2}(g)}\) 的\(\rm{\triangle H=}\) ______ \(\rm{kJ⋅mol^{-1}}\).
\(\rm{(3)}\)在一定温度下,将\(\rm{CO(g)}\)和\(\rm{H_{2}O(g)}\)各\(\rm{0.16mol}\)分别通入到体积为\(\rm{2.0L}\)的恒容密闭容器中,发生以下反应:\(\rm{CO(g)+H_{2}O(g)⇌CO_{2}(g)+H_{2}(g)}\),得到如下数据:
\(\rm{t/min}\) | \(\rm{2}\) | \(\rm{4}\) | \(\rm{7}\) | \(\rm{9}\) |
\(\rm{n(H_{2}O)/mol}\) | \(\rm{0.12}\) | \(\rm{0.11}\) | \(\rm{0.10}\) | \(\rm{0.10}\) |
\(\rm{①}\)其它条件不变,降低温度,达到新平衡前\(\rm{v(}\)逆\(\rm{)}\) ______ \(\rm{v(}\)正\(\rm{)(}\)填“\(\rm{ > }\)”、“\(\rm{ < }\)”或“\(\rm{=}\)”\(\rm{)}\).
\(\rm{②}\)该温度下,此反应的平衡常数\(\rm{K=}\) ______ ;
\(\rm{③}\)其它条件不变,再充入\(\rm{0.1mol}\) \(\rm{CO}\)和\(\rm{0.1mol}\) \(\rm{H_{2}O(g)}\),达到平衡时\(\rm{CO}\)的体积分数 ______ \(\rm{(}\)填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”\(\rm{)}\).